Phospholipid Encapsulated Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles: Their Use in Cell Imaging and Protein Attachment

Howes, Philip D.; Green, Mark; Levitt, James A.; Suhling, Klaus; Hughes, Michael P.

doi:10.1021/ja1002179

Cited by 207 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, the heavy-metal content of standard-composition QDs (typically CdSe and ZnS) means that toxicity might prohibit wide-scale use, particularly in clinical applications where disposal costs of toxic heavy metals could be prohibitive. Toxicological concerns have driven development of heavy metal-free alternatives with materials like silicon (6), carbon (7), ternary I-III-VI alloys of Cu, Sn, Zn, Ag, In, and S (8), and conjugated polymers (9,10), and biosensing has been demonstrated with all of these. The challenge is to replace heavy metals while maintaining excellent properties, and as yet none of the alternatives have surpassed Cd-QDs in terms of optical quality and biofunctionalization.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors

Howes

Chandrawati

Stevens

2014

Science

904

686

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Colloidal nanoparticle biosensors have received intense scientific attention and offer promising applications in both research and medicine. We review the state of the art in nanoparticle development, surface chemistry, and biosensing mechanisms, discussing how a range of technologies are contributing toward commercial and clinical translation. Recent examples of success include the ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in human serum and in vivo sensing of methyl mercury. We identify five key materials challenges, including the development of robust mass-scale nanoparticle synthesis methods, and five broader challenges, including the use of simulations and bioinformatics-driven experimental approaches for predictive modeling of biosensor performance. The resultant generation of nanoparticle biosensors will form the basis of high-performance analytical assays, effective multiplexed intracellular sensors, and sophisticated in vivo probes.Evolution has given rise to organisms of staggering complexity. Our now extensive knowledge of biological systems pales in comparison to the remaining mysteries. Unraveling these requires tools that probe the molecular machinery of life and provide detailed feedback on complex networks of subtle interactions. Such tools are cornerstones of biomedical research and practice, and improvements in these lead directly to a better understanding of fundamental biology, monitoring of health, and diagnosis of disease. Colloidal nanoparticle biosensors are a class of biological probe that will not only yield improved biological sensing but also provide a step change in our ability to probe the biomolecular realm. Nanoparticles can act as high-performance sensors because nanomaterials exhibit unique and useful behaviors not present in their bulk form: for example, bright tunable fluorescence from semiconductor nanoparticles and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomena in metallic nanoparticles. These particles exhibit intense responses to incident light (or other stimuli), and the ability to modulate this response by interaction with target analytes makes them excellent biosensor signal transducers. Outputs can be quantitative or qualitative depending on the functionality of

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Section: Nanoparticle Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors

Howes

Chandrawati

Stevens

2014

Science

904

686

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, many strategies have been implemented to modifyP dot surfaces with different functional molecules, for example, PEGylated lipids and amphiphilic polymers. [15,16] These functional molecules consist of hydrophobic components and hydrophilic segmentsw ith functional groups (e.g.,p olyethylene glycol,a mines, and carboxylic acids). During the Pdot formation, the hydrophobic segments are physically associated with polymer nanoparticles, while the hydrophilic chains extend partlyi nto the aqueous environment for further bioconjugation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Induced PEGylation and Functionalization of Semiconductor Polymer Dots

et al. 2017

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As emiconductor polymer with side-chain oxetane groups was synthesized to form highly fluorescent, functionalized, andu ltra-stablep olymer dots (Pdots). A facile light-induced strategy covalently links functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules to polymer dots while simultaneously providing functional groups for bioconjugation. The influence of photo-crosslinkable sidechains and PEG molecules on the properties and performance of Pdots was systematically investigated. The Pdots functionalized by photo-crosslinking show specific labeling and negligible non-specific binding as compared to non-functionalized Pdots. The resultsp rovide av iable strategy for nanoparticle assembly and functionalization.Semiconducting polymers have attracted considerable interest in both optoelectronic and biomedical applications over past decades. While they were originally developed for optoelectronic devices,t he adaptation of semiconducting polymers into nanoparticles has yielded ar apidlyi ncreasing number of applicationso ft he polymer dots (Pdots)i nb iomedical theranostics.[1-4] The attractiveness of Pdots foro pticali maging, sensing, and phototherapy is due to their superior characteristics, such as large absorption coefficients, excellent photostability,b iocompatibility,a nd suitability for the efficient generation of either photoluminescence, photoacoustic waves, or reactive oxygen species (ROS).[5-8] Such versatile and extraordinary properties have motivated researchers to explore the multifunctional Pdots for biological applications. Significant efforts have recently been focusedo ns ynthesizing new conjugated polymers, [9,10] developing functionalization strategies, [11,12] and designing signal transduction/amplification schemes. [13,14] The usefulness of Pdots in biological applications is strongly dependento nt he quality of the surfacef unctionalization to enables pecific recognition. Hence, many strategies have been implemented to modifyP dot surfaces with different functional molecules, for example, PEGylated lipids and amphiphilic polymers. [15,16] These functional molecules consist of hydrophobic components and hydrophilic segmentsw ith functional groups (e.g.,p olyethylene glycol,a mines, and carboxylic acids). During the Pdot formation, the hydrophobic segments are physically associated with polymer nanoparticles, while the hydrophilic chains extend partlyi nto the aqueous environment for further bioconjugation. Chiu's group developed ad irect functionalization strategy by modifying the side chain of the conjugated polymer.[17] Pdots formed from such functional polymers would directly have surface reactive groups for bioconjugation. In this strategy,the density of the side-chain functional groupss hould be well controlled to preventt he formationo farelatively loose structure, which can significantly affect nanoparticle stability and fluorescenceb rightness. However, challenges remain in the functionalization of Pdot surfaces for biomedical applications. Ideal semiconducting polymer nanoparticles ...

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“…This allows rapid energy transfer from high energy to lower energy segments due to the short conjugated lengths and weakly emissive aggregates. In addition, numerous groups have reported similar observations based on the photo-physical behaviour of water-dispersed conjugated polymer nanoparticles 11,15,36 . The normalised spectra of absorption and photoluminescence are shown in figure 3 (particles excited at 450 nm).…”

Section: Optical Properties Of Cp-ssclmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…They have bright fluorescence, excellent photo-stability and narrow emission 11 . However, as they are normally composed of heavy metals, such as cadmium and selenium, there is a serious concern about the toxicity of the nanoparticles to cells 12,13,14. There is another set of fluorescent particles that have been studied, composed of conjugated polymers (CPs) which have gained growing attention due to their attractive optical properties such as bright photoluminescence and photo-stability [15][16][17][18][19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica passivated conjugated polymer nanoparticles for biological imaging applications

et al. 2017

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Colorectal and prostate cancers are major causes of cancer-related death, with early detection key to increased survival. However, as symptoms occur during advanced stages and current diagnostic methods have limitations, there is a need for new fluorescent probes that remain bright, are biocompatible and can be targeted. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles have shown great promise in biological imaging due to their unique optical properties. We have synthesised small, bright, photo-stable CN-PPV, nanoparticles encapsulated with poloxamer polymer and a thin silica shell. By incubating the CN-PPV silica shelled cross-linked (SSCL) nanoparticles in mammalian (HeLa) cells; we were able to show that cellular uptake occurred. Uptake was also shown by incubating the nanoparticles in RWPE-1, WPE1-NB26 and WPE1-NA22 prostate cancer cell lines. Finally, HEK cells were used to show the particles had limited cytotoxicity.

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Phospholipid Encapsulated Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles: Their Use in Cell Imaging and Protein Attachment

Cited by 207 publications

References 54 publications

Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors

Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors

Light‐Induced PEGylation and Functionalization of Semiconductor Polymer Dots

Silica passivated conjugated polymer nanoparticles for biological imaging applications

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