Phosphorus

Johnston, A. E.; Poulton, P. R.; Fixen, P. E.; Curtin, D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420225-2.00005-4

Cited by 244 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Continual cropping on the same soil was routine in this region due to the limited cultivation area and large population. Scientists and farmers commonly observed that release of nutrients through weathering of soil minerals and decomposition of organic matter (OM) was adequate for native ecosystems but not enough in productive agricultural systems as the native soil fertility was depleted ( Johnston et al, 2014). They learned that to prevent soil degradation and associated starvation, mineral nutrients removed through harvest needed to be replenished to sustain an agriculturally dependent population.…”

Section: Yields and Phosphorus Before The Green Revolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This seminal event in history was spawned by advancements in agricultural science and related disciplines, including pest management, irrigation, crop breeding and genetics, mechanization, communications, transportation, computerization, and the widespread availability of inexpensive fertilizers and scientific knowledge related to their use, including soil analysis. Soil scientists began to successfully predict P fertilizer response with soil analysis, which was an important part of this revolution (Anderson, 1960;Peck, 1990;Johnston et al, 2014).…”

Section: Breakthroughs In Soil Analysis and Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…moves toward higher yields there is a need to expand the view to include the long-term approach to promote sustainable soils, yields, and society. Most of the P taken up by a crop comes from residual in the soil (Fixen and Bruulsema, 2014;Johnston et al, 2014). In research trials, it is common for control plots (no P fertilizer added) to yield reasonably well in the short term, even with low to moderate STP (Schlegel and Havlin, 2017).…”

Section: Breakthroughs In Soil Analysis and Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, current trends in agriculture are in the opposite direction ( Johnston et al, 2014). Nutrient removal rates exceed replacement applications in most areas, as evidenced by steadily declining soil test values (International Plant Nutrition Institute, 2015).…”

Section: Soil Test Phosphorus Critical Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus Management in High‐Yield Systems

Hopkins

Hansen

2019

J of Env Quality

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The discovery and development of phosphorus (P) and P fertilizers provide context for current management conventions. Average crop yields were stagnant before the Green Revolution but have steadily increased since. This, along with conventional P management, has resulted in widely depleting soil P levels. Improved technology and management are needed to meet the increasing P demand. Modern hybrids and cultivars have different P demand and uptake patterns that require changes in conventional P fertilizer placement and timing. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations based on soil analysis remains valid, but evidence suggests a need for recalibrating soil test P (STP) critical levels (the STP concentration at which a response to P fertilizer would not be expected) and P fertilizer rates to accommodate high‐yield scenarios. Considering higher P fertilizer rates as a single solution poses environmental challenges, highlighting the need for improved P use efficiency (PUE). Phosphorus fertilization approaches that have the potential to improve PUE and enable high yields include crop‐specific precision placement of P, informed timing of P fertilizers, and new enhanced efficiency sources of P fertilizer. This paper examines these management approaches from historical, production, and environmental perspectives in modern cropping systems. Core Ideas History of P fertilization illuminates traditional soil P management and needed changes. Recalibration of STP and P fertilizer recommendations are needed to match increasing yield and rates of P uptake. Environmental concerns and diminishing P supply necessitate improvement in P use efficiency. Placement and timing are improved through understanding of variable rooting patterns. Enhanced efficiency P fertilizers can be effective if applied correctly.

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Section: Yields and Phosphorus Before The Green Revolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breakthroughs In Soil Analysis and Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breakthroughs In Soil Analysis and Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Test Phosphorus Critical Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus Management in High‐Yield Systems

Hopkins

Hansen

2019

J of Env Quality

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“…Root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi and subsequent formation of mycorrhizae generally results in an increase in phosphorous content of the host plant in soils with low concentrations of this element (Jakobsen, 1995;Moreira & Siqueira, 2006;Siqueira et al, 2010). Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the acquisition of phosphorus by mycorrhizal plants (Bowen, 1973;Johnston et al, 2014). Mycorrhizal fungal hyphae contribute to plant phosphorous nutrition by increasing the surface area of the root system thus permitting the exploration of a greater total soil volume (Sawyer et al, 2003;Glowa et al, 2003;Parniske, 2008) as well as by producing surface or extracellular acid phosphatases (Wang et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2009;Wu et al, 2011;Bechem, 2013Bechem, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Acid Phosphatases in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Costa¹,

Souza²,

Rondon³

et al. 2016

JAS

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The colonization of plant roots by mycorrhizal fungi, generally increases P content in the host plant when in soils with low levels of P. The objective of this work was to evaluate the activity of acid phosphatases in two isolates of Pisolithus microcarpus, grown in different sources and concentrations of phosphate and to characterize the phosphatase isoenzymes produced by isolates. Both isolates were grown on Melin-Norkrans modified (MNM) medium enriched with organic (Po) or inorganic (Pi) sources of phosphorus, at five different concentrations, in order to study the activity of mycelial surface acid phosphatases during incubation for up to 96 h. Activity of acid phosphatases increased when the fungi were grown without or at low concentrations of Pi. Intraspecific differences were observed between the isolates with regard to acid phosphatase production. A greater decrease in phosphatase activity was observed when incubation time was increased than when Pi concentration was increased. At an incubation time of 96 h, activity of acid phosphatases in isolate 90A increased with increasing Po concentration, while for isolate RV82 remained constant over the different incubation periods and Po concentrations tested. When grown in media without Pi, an additional band appeared in the isoenzyme pattern of RV82, while isoenzyme production was not altered in isolate 90A when grown in media without Pi or with 2 mM Pi, showing differences in their isoenzyme patterns. Isolate 90A possesses a potential competitive advantage when utilized in mycorrhizal association with Eucalyptus because of its ability to utilize Po.

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Phosphorus: Back to the Roots

Lambers

Plaxton

2015

Annual Plant Reviews Volume 48

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Phosphorus

Cited by 244 publications

References 52 publications

Phosphorus Management in High‐Yield Systems

Phosphorus Management in High‐Yield Systems

Activity of Acid Phosphatases in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Phosphorus: Back to the Roots

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