Owing to the lack
of donor corneas, there is an urgent need for
suitable corneal substitutes. As the main component of the corneal
stroma, collagen has great advantages as a corneal repair material.
If there are microorganisms such as bacteria in the corneal repair
material, it may induce postoperative infection, causing the failure
of corneal transplantation. Therefore, irradiation, as a common sterilization
method, is often used to control the microorganisms in the material.
However, it has not been reported which type of radiation source and
what doses can sterilize more effectively without affecting the properties
of collagen-based corneal repair materials (CCRMs) and have a positive
impact on macrophage polarization. In this study, three different
radiation sources of ultraviolet, cobalt-60, and electron beam at
four different doses of 2, 5, 8, and 10 kGy were used to irradiate
CCRMs. The swelling, stretching, transmittance, and degradation of
the irradiated CCRMs were characterized, and the proliferation of
human corneal epithelial cells on the irradiated CCRMs was characterized
using the CCK8 kit. The results showed that low dose (<5 kGy) of
radiation had little effect on the performance of CCRMs. Three irradiation
methods with less influence were selected for the further study on
RAW264.7 macrophage polarization. The results indicated that CCRMs
treated with UV could downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory
related genes and upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory genes
in macrophages, which indicated that UV irradiation is a beneficial
process for the preparation of CCRMs.