“…25 Several reports are available regarding the doping of ZnO with metal ions of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Al, and Ag to change its properties for photocatalysis, sensors, and antibacterial activity. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Among the above dopants, Ni 2+ is favorable to incorporate into the ZnO lattice due to its same valence state (+2) and similar ionic radii (Ni 2+ , 0.69 A; Zn 2+ , 0.74 A). Moreover, various reports regarding the antibacterial activity of metal ion-doped ZnO, Ag, 27,28 Co, 29,30 and Cr 31,32 have been reported.…”