Photoaging Protective Effects of Ranunculus bulumei Methanol Extract

Abstract

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main cause of photoaging processes including cellular senescence, skin drying, collagen degradation, melanogenesis, and inflammation. These responses occur because UVB induces a change in expression of aging-related genes through regulation of signal pathways such as that of mitogen-activated protein kinases- (MAPKs-) activator protein 1 (AP-1). Ranunculus bulumei, which is used as an herb in Indonesia, belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, which has been reported to perform various physiological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammation. However, data on the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical utility of Ranunculus bulumei have not been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the antiaging efficacy of RB-ME, a methanol extract of Ranunculus bulumei. Rb-ME attenuated MMP9 and COX-2 gene expression but enhanced SIRT1 and type-1 collagen in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Rb-ME regulated these gene expressions through inhibition of p38 phosphorylation and inactivation of AP-1. In addition, mRNA expression of HAS-2 and -3, which are involved in skin hydration, was elevated in Rb-ME-treated HaCaT cells. Rb-ME also inhibited melanogenesis by suppression of tyrosinase, MITF, and TYRP-1 mRNA in B16F10 cells under α-MSH treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that Rb-ME has a protective effect on some UVB-induced skin photoaging events such as inflammation, collagen degradation, cellular senescence, skin drying, and melanin production through inhibition of the p38-AP-1 signal cascade, indicating that Rb-ME can be used as an active ingredient for antiaging cosmetics.

Antioxidative Role of Hygrophila erecta (Brum. F.) Hochr. on UV-Induced Photoaging of Dermal Fibroblasts and Melanoma Cells

“…Some natural products effectively improve wrinkle formation due to UV irradiation. Rb-ME has been shown to attenuate MMP-9 gene expression and elevate HA2 gene expression by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation and inactivating AP-1 [ 15 ]. Wheat extract oil (WEO) inhibited UVB-induced changes in tissue procollagen type I, HA, and ceramide [ 16 ].…”

“…With its high antioxidant effect, Rb-ME suppresses MMP-9 and COX-2 expression and increases the release of hyaluronan (HA) synthase by suppressing the UV-induced activation of p38. [ 15 ]. Wheat extract oil increases the expression of procollagen Type 1 and HA in HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB [ 16 ].…”

Photoprotection and Skin Pigmentation: Melanin-Related Molecules and Some Other New Agents Obtained from Natural Sources

“…Some of the natural sources containing these antioxidants are: (1) aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), known as a healing plant, it contains aloesin, anthraquinones, and saccharides [64], and is very effective in the amelioration of UV radiation-induced skin effects [65]; (2) tomato extracts (Solanum lycopersicum L.) contain lycopene, a carotenoid UV-absorbing molecule; (3) cactus extracts (Opuntia humifusa), that induce dermal hyaluronic acid production; [66]; (4) green tea (Camellia sinensis), which possesses anti-inflammatory activity due to the constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) [67]; (5) pomegranate (Punica granatum) extracts, containing punicic acids and polyphenols that prevent dermal damage by inhibition of the UV-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [68]; (6) alcoholic extract of Ranunculus bulumei (an Indonesian herb), recently demonstrated to be very effective, which attenuates the expression in UVB-irradiated HaCaT transformed keratinocytes of MMP9 and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) genes and enhances the expression of Type 1 collagen as well as Hyaluronan Synthase-2 (HAS-2) and HAS-3 [69], involved in skin hydration. COX-2 is an inducible enzyme involved in the formation of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid and other eicosanoids.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Ranunculus Species (Ranunculaceae): A Literature Review on Traditional Medicinal Herbs

“…Shows antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assay methanolic extract of whole plant [49] Anticarcinogenic Induces cell death aqueous and methanolic extract of whole plant [62] Ranunculus diffusus DC. Anti-inflammatory Suppresses NF-kB signaling targeting Src and Syk methanolic extract of aerial parts [63,64] Ranunculus sardous Crantz. Anti-inflammatory Inhibits nitrite accumulation in macrophage ethanolic extract from aerial and root parts [35] Ranunculus ficaria Linn.…”

“…The methanol extract of R. diffusus showed photoaging protective effects on ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin by inhibiting the p38-AP-1 signal cascade. In addition, the extract exerted anti-inflammatory effects without toxicity by suppressing Src and Syk, which are targets of NF-κB signaling [63,64].…”