Photochemical Studies of Methacrylate Coatings for the Conservation of Museum Objects

Feller, Robert L.; Curran, Mary; Bailie, Catherine

doi:10.1021/bk-1981-0151.ch013

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…die Reaktion von Luftsauerstoff mit den im Polymer gebildeten freien Radikalen verstanden. Diese verursacht laut [14], [24] nach der Entstehung von Radikalen in den Ketten die größten Schädigungsabläufe.…”

Section: Oxidationunclassified

Untersuchungen zum Einfluß natürlicher und künstlicher Bewitterung auf den Schubmodul von Verbund‐Sicherheitsglas

Ensslen

Paschke

2004

Bautechnik

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Das Tragverhalten von Verbund‐Sicherheitsgläsern (VSG) wird maßgeblich durch die Schubsteifigkeit des Zwischenschichtmaterials, i. d. R. Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), bestimmt. Neben den auf das Schubverhalten bekannten Einflüssen, wie Temperatur und Einwirkungsgeschwindigkeit, existieren je nach Anwendung im Freien oder innerhalb von Gebäuden klimatische, z. T. langandauernde Beanspruchungen für VSG. Da es sich bei PVB um einen polymeren Werkstoff handelt, lösen Klimalasten, wie z. B. UV‐Strahlung, Feuchte und schwankende Lufttemperatur usw., Alterungsvorgänge und somit chemische Veränderungen innerhalb des Polymermaterials aus.Zur Klärung der Alterungsbeständigkeit von VSG bzw. der Langzeitstabilität der Verbundwirkung anhand des Schubmoduls wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen an bewitterten bzw. gealterten Proben in Abhängigkeit der Belastungsgeschwindigkeit durchgeführt. Zum Vergleich stehen Versuchsergebnisse an neuen bzw. ungealterten VSG‐Elementen aus der gleichen Charge zur Verfügung.Die Versuche zeigten, daß VSG je nach Intensität der UV‐Strahlung und Umgebungstemperatur unterschiedlich resistent ist.Feuchtigkeit hingegen dringt über die Kanten in das Innere und führt unter Last zu Ablösungserscheinungen der PVB‐Folie im VSG‐Randbereich (ca. 50 mm Streifen).Die dieser Arbeit zugrundeliegenden experimentellen Versuche sind im Bereich Konstruktionsteilprüfung des Instituts für Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum durchgeführt worden. Die Bereitstellung der Probekörper und wertvolle Informationen zu diesem Thema verdanken die Autoren Herrn Dr. Koll und Herrn Dr. Stenzel, HT TROPLAST AG, Troisdorf. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Section: Oxidationunclassified

Untersuchungen zum Einfluß natürlicher und künstlicher Bewitterung auf den Schubmodul von Verbund‐Sicherheitsglas

Ensslen

Paschke

2004

Bautechnik

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“…The film-forming characteristics of shellac have been attributed to a high degree of hydrogen bonding [28]. Elvacite 2046 is known to crosslink under highintensity light [29]. Therefore both have additional methods of hardening during and after solvent release.…”

Section: ( I) Shellac Elvacite 2046mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood coatings for display and storage cases

Miles¹

1986

Studies in Conservation

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An investigation of various coatings was undertaken to assess their potential as sealants for display-case woods. A gas chromatographic method of capturing volatile materials released from coated woods is described. The vapor barrier efficiency and corrosivity of the coatings as determined by gas chromatography and metal corrosion tests are discussed. All were carried out under natural aging conditions.

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“…THE REMOVABILITY of two aging methacrylate varnishes, poly(isoamyl methacrylate), known as 27H, and various poly(n-butyl methacrylate)s, has been a concern at the National Gallery of Art due to the relatively large number of paintings covered with these coatings and the knowledge that they cross-link in accelerated aging experiments, rendering them insoluble (Feller et al 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, some synthetic varnishes are suspect under the principle of reversibility (AIC 1985), requires that materials used in a conservation treatment, such as a picture varnish, should be removable without damage to the object (Gettens 1935;Feller 1960Feller , 1959Feller , 1957b. The cross-linking reaction is activated by ultraviolet radiation (Morimoto and Suzuki 1972), but it has also been shown to proceed in the presence of visible light (Feller et al 1981;Feller 1967). However, synthetic varnishes may also become less soluble due to the phenomenon of cross-linking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some also 182 Suzanne Quillen Lomax and Sarah L. Fisher All natural and synthetic varnishes tend to be less soluble in solvents of low polarity over time due to oxidation. It has been observed, on the basis of artificial aging studies, that the methacrylate polymers most sensitive to cross-linking have the alkyl side chains of isoamyl, isobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, and n-butyl (Feller et al 1981;Feller et al 1985). Most synthetic varnishes are made up of long-chain polymeric structures consisting of molecules of hundreds of repeating units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of the Removability of Naturally Aged Synthetic Picture Varnishes

Lomax¹,

Fisher²

1990

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. ABSTRACT-The removability of naturally aged synthetic picture varnishes has been examined on more than 50 paintings. Most of these paintings had been coated with either poly(isoamyl methacrylate) or poly(n-butyl methacrylate). Since these aged methacrylate coatings were applied between 10 and 40 years ago, questions had been posed about possible cross-linking of the polymer chains, which would make them more difficult to remove with solvents or even render them completely insoluble. These questions were investigated by applying solvents of increasing polarity to the varnish by swab, and analyzing the material removed by infrared spectroscopy. All coatings were found to be removable with solvents, although often fairly polar solvent mixtures were necessary.Only 5 of 25 paintings suspected of being coated with poly(isoamyl methacrylate) were found to be coated with this varnish. The varnish, a type known as 27H, was removed with relatively mild solvents, often by swelling. Thirty-one paintings coated with poly(n-butyl methacrylate) were examined. Although solvents more polar than acetone were not required for removal of the coatings, concerns were raised about the sensitivity of the paint films of early American paintings to that solvent. In addition, although these coatings are removable today, the future aging behavior of these varnishes under the conditions of exposure at the National Gallery of Art, where ultraviolet filters are in place, has not been determined. Continued systematic monitoring of the aging behavior of these varnishes on selected paintings will be carried out seem to violate the principle of having the appropriate aesthetic qualities (de la Rie 1987a; De Witte et al. 1981). JAIC 29 (1990): 181-191 This content downloaded from 62.122.73.122 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 23:17:22 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 189 Synthetic Picture Varnishes de la Rie, E. R. 1987a. The influence of varnishes on the appearance of paintings. Studies in Conservation 32:1-13. de la Rie, E. R. 1987b. Research on picture varnishes: Status of the project at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. ICOM Committee for Conservation preprints, 8th Triennial Meeting, Sydney. 2:791-96. de la Rie, E. R. 1988. Photochemical and thermal degradation of films of dammar resin. Studies in Conservation 33:53-71. De Witte, E., M. Goessens-Landrie, E. J. Goethals, K. Van Lerberghe, and C. Van Springel. 1981. Synthesis of an acrylic varnish with high refractive index. ICOM Committee for Conservation preprints, 6th Triennial Meeting, Ottawa. 81/16/4-1-81/16/4-7. Esposito, G. G., and M. H. Swann. 1965. Application of pyrolysis and programmed temperature gas chromatography to the analysis of thermosetting a...

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Photochemical Studies of Methacrylate Coatings for the Conservation of Museum Objects

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Untersuchungen zum Einfluß natürlicher und künstlicher Bewitterung auf den Schubmodul von Verbund‐Sicherheitsglas

Untersuchungen zum Einfluß natürlicher und künstlicher Bewitterung auf den Schubmodul von Verbund‐Sicherheitsglas

Wood coatings for display and storage cases

An Investigation of the Removability of Naturally Aged Synthetic Picture Varnishes

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