Photoinduced DNA Cleavage and Cellular Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by 2,3-Diaminophenazine

Fu, Patty K.-L.; Abuzakhm, Sonia; Turró, Claudia

doi:10.1562/2004-07-20-ra-237

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The experiments in the present study identified effects from single and multiple PAHs with the inclusion of UV exposure. Studies have also shown that other compounds such as pesticides and dyes can cause photo‐induced toxicity . The effect of phototoxicity for other aquatic contaminates besides PAHs identifies a potential for adverse effects in aquatic systems well below non‐UV exposure guidance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute photo‐induced toxicity and toxicokinetics of single compounds and mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish

Willis

Oris

2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study examined photo-induced toxicity and toxicokinetics for acute exposure to selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in zebrafish. Photo-enhanced toxicity from co-exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and PAHs enhanced the toxicity and exhibited toxic effects at PAH concentrations orders of magnitude below effects observed in the absence of UV. Because environmental exposure to PAHs is usually in the form of complex mixtures, the present study examined the photo-induced toxicity of both single compounds and mixtures of PAHs. In a sensitive larval life stage of zebrafish, acute photo-induced median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were derived for 4 PAHs (anthracene, pyrene, carbazole, and phenanthrene) to examine the hypothesis that phototoxic (anthracene and pyrene) and nonphototoxic (carbazole and phenanthrene) pathways of mixtures could be predicted from single exposures. Anthracene and pyrene were phototoxic as predicted; however, carbazole exhibited moderate photo-induced toxicity and phenanthrene exhibited weak photo-induced toxicity. The toxicity of each chemical alone was used to compare the toxicity of mixtures in binary, tertiary, and quaternary combinations of these PAHs, and a predictive model for environmental mixtures was generated. The results indicated that the acute toxicity of PAH mixtures was additive in phototoxic scenarios, regardless of the magnitude of photo-enhancement. Based on PAH concentrations found in water and circumstances of high UV dose to aquatic systems, there exists potential risk of photo-induced toxicity to aquatic organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute photo‐induced toxicity and toxicokinetics of single compounds and mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish

Willis

Oris

2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Therefore, the dissolved O 2 was not limiting under the studied conditions. Since DAP is fluorescent [16], a fluorometric format for the assay could be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric quantification of lactose in solution with a peroxidase-based enzymatic cascade reaction system

2011

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A spectrophotometric assay was developed for the quantification of lactose in aqueous solution via a one-pot enzymatic cascade reaction at 25°C and pH 7.2. Lactose (0.2-1.8 mM), E. coli β-galactosidase (β-Gal), Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (GOD), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and ophenylenediamine (OPD) were incubated, and the increase in absorbance at 417 nm (A 417 ) due to the formation of DAP (2,3-diaminophenazine), the dimeric oxidation product of OPD, was followed. The increase in A 417 was found to depend linearly on the initial lactose concentration via three consecutive but simultaneously occurring enzymatic reaction steps catalyzed by β-Gal, GOD, and HRP. No pre-incubation of lactose with β-Gal is needed with this simple lactose assay.

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Phototoxicity of phenylenediamine hair dye chemicals in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and human skin keratinocytes

Mosley-Foreman

Choi

Wang

et al. 2008

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Phenylenediamines (PD) are dye precursors used to manufacture hair dyes. The three PDs, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-PD and three chlorinated PDs, 4-chloro-1,2-PD, 4-chloro-1,3-PD, and 4,5-dichloro-1,2-PD were studied for their mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium TA 102, cytotoxicity in human skin keratinocyte cells, and for DNA cleavage. The results show that all six compounds are not toxic/ mutagenic in TA 102 bacteria or skin cells, and do not cause DNA cleavage in ΦX 174 phage DNA. If the same tests are carried out by exposing them to light irradiation concurrently, all three chlorinated PDs cause mutation in TA 102 bacteria and single strand cleavage in ΦX 174 phage DNA. This indicates that chlorination of the PDs makes these compounds more photochemically active and produces reactive species that cause DNA damage and mutation. For the photocytotoxicity test in skin cells, it appears there is no such structure-activity relationship. Two chlorinated PDs and two non-chlorinated PDs are cytotoxic at a fairly high concentration (1000 µM) upon exposure to light irradiation.

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Photoinduced DNA Cleavage and Cellular Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by 2,3-Diaminophenazine

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

Acute photo‐induced toxicity and toxicokinetics of single compounds and mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish

Acute photo‐induced toxicity and toxicokinetics of single compounds and mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish

Spectrophotometric quantification of lactose in solution with a peroxidase-based enzymatic cascade reaction system

Phototoxicity of phenylenediamine hair dye chemicals in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and human skin keratinocytes

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