Photopolymerizable acrylic resin: Effect of curing time and temperature

Abstract

A photopolymerizable resin was closely examined for its capacity as an adhesive via cure advancement in submerged water at cold temperatures. The effects of curing time and temperature were studied by bond strength measurements and extracted monomer quantification with high pressure liquid chromatography. In both cases the cure was performed under water, and there was one wet interface. Both methods showed the progression of the photopolymerization with time and had similar characteristic times. The adhesion strength was measured by lap shear and remained nearly constant over the entire temperature range studied (around 2 MPa for a 2-min cure), while a slight increase in the extracted uncured monomer quantity of one of the resin components was obtained for increasing temperatures.

Low temperature tensile lap-shear testing of adhesively bonded polyethylene pipe

“…This variation in bond strength with increasing curing time has been reported in several previous studies [32][33][34][35], with some results suggesting that a maximum strength is achieved at a given time and remains around this value with further increase in time [33], whilst others have reported a slight decrease in strength after reaching this maximum value of strength and have related this to phenomena such as adhesive oxidation reaction [34] or over drying [35]. In this work, although the bond strength begins to decrease slightly after 24 hours of curing, further experiments would be required to confirm that this does not continue beyond 48…”

Fast underwater bonding to polycarbonate using photoinitiated cyanoacrylate

“…It is insoluble in water and has a maximum absorption peak at 485 nm. This closely matches the 470 nm blue LED light sources used in underwater camphorquinone initiated acrylate systems [8,9,10]. This light source was therefore selected for used in the present study.…”

“…The bond strength increases with increased illumination time but reaches a plateau value beyond 50 seconds. An advantage offered by the cyanoacrylates over standard acrylic adhesives [8][9][10] is that a useful level of bond strength develops even in the absence of illumination. Figure 5 shows the shear bond strengths achieved for bonds of polycarbonate to other substrates.…”

“…Since the present application requires rapid bonding of a clear polycarbonate sheet to flat underwater substrates, photoinitiated cure was a definite option. Photoinitiated curing of acrylate adhesives is well established [8,9,10] and commercial systems are available [11]. The advantage is that photoinitiated cure can be initiated on demand and that thicker adhesive sections polymerize to completion.…”

Multi-Objective Curing Cycle Optimization for Glass Fabric/Epoxy Composites Using Poisson Regression and Genetic Algorithm

“…Subsequently, the performance shows a decreasing trend. For short curing times, it is known that a curing time increase leads to a subsequent strength increase 45 .…”