Photorefractive properties of double‐doped Hf:Ce:LiNbO₃ crystals

Abstract

In this article, the double‐doped Hf:Ce:LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski method and its photorefractive properties were systematically studied. Samples were treated with different oxidation/reduction. The photorefractive properties of Hf:Ce:LiNbO3 crystals were investigated by the two‐beam coupling method. The results shown that the photorefractive properties of Hf:Ce:LiNbO3 crystals were improved as compared with that of Ce:LiNbO3 crystals. The oxidation/reduction treatment had great effect on the photorefractive properties and the doping mechanism was also discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1693–1695, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23448

Recent Advances in the Photorefraction of Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals

“…The similar phenomenon was also found for Hf and Ce co-doped LiNbO 3 (LN:Hf,Ce). It was reported that the photorefractive properties of LN:Ce crystals were improved by HfO 2 co-doping, and oxidation/reduction treatment had a great effect on the photorefractive properties [ 67 ].…”

Photorefractive property dependence on chemical composition of cerium-doped lithium niobate single crystal

“…Chemical doping and increasing the [Li]/ [Nb] in the crystal are the conventional ways to improve the properties of LN crystal, which has been investigated for many years. Among them, Ce-doped LN including co-doped ones and tri-doped ones, such as Ce:Fe:LN, [2] Ce:Mn:LN, [3] Ce:Hf:LN, [4] Mg:Ce:Fe:LN, [5] Sc:Ce:Cu:LN, [6,7] etc., exhibit intriguing physical properties. However, there is lack of system research for Ce:LN.…”