Photoswitchable Spirobenzopyran- Based Photochemically Controlled Photonic Crystals

Maurer, Marta K.; Lednev, Igor K.; Asher, Sanford A.

doi:10.1002/adfm.200400070

Cited by 95 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[ 86 ] In another study, Asher and co-workers prepared a hydrogel with spirobenzopyran molecules linked to the hydrogel network. [ 87 ] This molecule can be converted photochemically between the spiropyran (closed) form and the merocyanine (open) form by irradiating the spiropyran with intense UV light or the merocyanine with visible light. The open form relaxes back to the closed form in the dark over a period of days.…”

Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Colors in Opals and Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals

Aguirre¹,

Reguera²,

Stein

2010

Adv Funct Materials

547

417

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Colloidal photonic crystals and materials derived from colloidal crystals can exhibit distinct structural colors that result from incomplete photonic band gaps. Through rational materials design, the colors of such photonic crystals can be tuned reversibly by external physical and chemical stimuli. Such stimuli include solvent and dye infi ltration, applied electric or magnetic fi elds, mechanical deformation, light irradiation, temperature changes, changes in pH, and specifi c molecular interactions. Reversible color changes result from alterations in lattice spacings, fi lling fractions, and refractive index of system components. This review article highlights the different systems and mechanisms for achieving tunable color based on opaline materials with closepacked or non-close-packed structural elements and inverse opal photonic crystals. Inorganic and polymeric systems, such as hydrogels, metallopolymers, and elastomers are discussed.

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Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Colors in Opals and Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals

Aguirre¹,

Reguera²,

Stein

2010

Adv Funct Materials

547

417

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“…Asher et al fabricated optical RPCs with response in diffraction wavelength rather than intensity. [42,147] For instance, one of their optical RPCs is designed on the basis of the spirobenzopyran chromophore covalently attached to a polymer/crystal composite, whose photoisomerization upon UV or visible irradiation changes the hydrogel free energy of mixing owing to the alteration of charge distribution in the molecules, and thereby changes the volume of the composite in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) medium. The diffraction redshifts as the spiropyran is excited with a YAG laser beam (355 nm), and blue-shifts as its UV isomer merocyanine is irradiated with an Ar + laser beam (515 nm).…”

Section: Optically Responsive Photonic Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32][33][34] Many approaches to tunable photonic crystals, on the other hand, are designed to control the lattice constant or the spatial symmetry of the crystals by the application of chemical stimuli, temperature variation, mechanical forces, electrical or magnetic fields, or light. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] A notable example is a hydrogel / colloidal array composite in which the lattice spacing can be tuned by the swelling and deswelling of the hydrogel in a solvent such as water. [44] Depending on the specific applications, the challenges in developing responsive photonic crystals include limited tunability of the band gap, a slow response to external stimuli, incomplete reversibility, and difficulty of integration into existing photonic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsive Photonic Crystals

2011

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This Review summarizes recent developments in the field of responsive photonic crystal structures, including principles for design and fabrication and many strategies for applications, for example as optical switches or chemical and biological sensors. A number of fabrication methods are now available to realize responsive photonic structures, the majority of which rely on self-assembly processes to achieve ordering. Compared with microfabrication techniques, self-assembly approaches have lower processing costs and higher production efficiency, however, major efforts are still needed to further develop such approaches. In fact, some emerging techniques such as spin coating, magnetic assembly, and flow-induced self-assembly have already shown great promise in overcoming current challenges. When designing new systems with improved performance, it is always helpful to bear in mind the lessons learnt from natural photonic structures.

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“…[32][33][34] Weitere Konzepte für abstimmbare photonische Kristalle beruhen auf der gezielten Steuerung der Gitterkonstanten oder räumlichen Symmetrie durch chemische Anregungen, Temperaturänderungen, mechanische Kräfte, elektrische oder magnetische Felder und Licht. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Erwähnenswert ist ein Hydrogel-Kolloid-Komposit, dessen Gitterabstand durch die Quellung und Schrumpfung des Hydrogels in einem Lösungsmittel verändert wird. [44] Je nach Anwendung gibt es spezifische Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung von RPCs; zu nennen sind Beschränkungen hinsichtlich des Abstimmbereichs der Bandlücke, langsames Ansprechverhalten auf den externen Stimulus, unvollständige Reversibilität und Schwierigkeiten bei der Integration in ein bestehendes photonisches Bauelement.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Responsive photonische Kristalle

Yin

2011

Angewandte Chemie

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Dieser Aufsatz fasst jüngste Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der responsiven photonischen Kristalle zusammen, einschließlich Design‐, Fertigungs‐ und Anwendungsstrategien, z. B. als optische Schalter oder chemische und biologische Sensoren. Eine Reihe von Fertigungsmethoden für responsive photonische Strukturen ist heute verfügbar, die hauptsächlich auf Selbstorganisationsprozessen beruhen. Gegenüber Mikrofertigungsverfahren besitzen diese Ansätze die Vorteile geringerer Prozesskosten und einer besseren Produktionseffizienz, es gibt aber noch beträchtliche Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Einige Techniken wie Schleuderbeschichtung, magnetische Aggregation und durchflussinduzierte Selbstorganisation erweisen sich hier als vielversprechend. Entscheidende Hinweise für den Entwurf neuer, verbesserter Systeme könnte das Vorbild natürlicher photonischer Strukturen bieten.

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Photoswitchable Spirobenzopyran- Based Photochemically Controlled Photonic Crystals

Cited by 95 publications

References 49 publications

Tunable Colors in Opals and Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals

Tunable Colors in Opals and Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals

Responsive Photonic Crystals

Responsive photonische Kristalle

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