Photosynthesis and transpiration of healthy and diseased spruce trees in the course of three vegetation periods

Benner, Peter; Sabel, Peter; Wild, Aloysius

doi:10.1007/bf00202377

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Air pollutants and mineral deficiencies are assumed to be the major cause for forest decline acting either via the leaf or indirectly by changing the nutrient balance in the soil-root system (Forschungsbeirat Waidschaden/ Luftverunreinigungen 1986, Schulze 1989. The affected trees are often characterized by needle loss and yellowing sytnptoms, together with a decrease in photosynthetie capacity mainly in light-exposed needles (Benner et al 1988, Blank et al 1988, Lange et al 1989a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of air pollutants and nutrient deficiency on D-1 protein content and photosynthesis in young spruce trees

Lutz¹,

Steiger²,

Godde³

1992

Physiol Plant

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Influence of air pollutants and nutrient deficiency on D-1 protein eontent and photosynthesis in young spruce trees. -Physiol, Plant. 85: 611-617.Long-term fumigation with different mixtures of air pollutants, such as O3, NOT and SO2, in combination with potassium deficiency in 4-year-oId spruce trees shows clearly that the photosynthetic apparatus reacts very sensitively to environmental stress. Even when no change in photosynthetic oxygen evolution of the leaves was measurable, the content of D-1 protein in the reaction center of photosystem 11 already increased significantly at low stress conditions. With increasing coneentrations of pollutants, the content of D-1 protein decreased considerably. This pattem was observed with all combinations of gases, although they differed in effectiveness. The most potent effect on the content of D-1 protein was found with a combined fumigation of SO, plus NO,. Obviously, the ratio between synthesis and degradation of the D-1 protein is influenced by stress factors. However, the content of D-1 protein was not strongly correlated with photosynthetic oxygen evolution in whole needles nor with electron transport rate in isolated thylakoids. Under controlled potassium deficiency, effects similar to those observed upon ozone fumigation developed. The results suggest unspecific stress answers for the D-1 content and the photosynthetic reactions rather than specific responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of air pollutants and nutrient deficiency on D-1 protein content and photosynthesis in young spruce trees

Lutz¹,

Steiger²,

Godde³

1992

Physiol Plant

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“…Experiments in the field have also given support to this suggestion. Brenner, Sabel & Wild (1988) showed that damaged P. abies in the Hunsruck mountains had greater rates of transpiration and poorer water use eflftciency (WUE) than apparently healthy trees in the same location. Moreover, this response was more pronounced during warm, dry days when O3 concentrations were likely to be high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The control of ozone uptake by Picea abies (L.) Karst. and P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. during drought and interacting effects on shoot water relations

1990

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SUMMARYExposure to O3 alone has not yet been shown to reproduce the symptoms of the various types of spruce decline which have been identified in Europe. However, there is increasing evidence that this pollutant has physiological effects which interact with those of other environmental factors in ways which may be important in determining tree condition and growth. The effects of O3 episodes and drought on O3 uptake, gas exchange and water relations oi Picea abies (L.) Karst. and P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. were investigated in two experiments. In the first a rapidly drying soil mixture was used, and seedlings of P. abies were exposed to short (2 h) daily episodes of O3 at 80 nl Tô n each day of a 5 d drought. Photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (g^) were significantly decreased (P = 0-01) by water deficit and as a consequence, uptake of O3 by the plants was also significantly decreased. Exposure to O3 did not affect A or g^ for this species. In the second experiment a soil mixture designed to give a slower development of water deficit was used and 1 + 1 transplants of P. sitchensis were exposed to a single O3 episode (up to 100 nl 1~^ for 3 h) after water had been withheld for 7 or 14 d. Hofier diagrams showed that mild water deficits did not affect shoot water relations. However, O3 significantly increased solute potential (IJT^) after 7 d of drought, an effect which was lost after 14 d of drought. Flux of O3 to the watered plants was greater than to the un watered plants at all concentrations, the effect being more marked at higher concentrations. This effect was partly attributable to the greater stomatal conductances recorded for the well watered plants, but was also partly due to stomatal opening caused by O3, an effect which was diminished or reversed for unwatered plants.

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“…This is connected with a decrease of the carboxylation efficiency, which is correlated with the activity of the enzym ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (von Caemmerer and Farquhar, 1981). In two studies the latter was found to decrease (Benner et al, 1988;Weikert et al, 1989). The reactions of the stomata, however, are the result of enhanced mesophyll CO2 partial pressures (data not shown) and, therefore, not the cause, but the consequence of decreased photosynthetic rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Those studies were based on measurements of photosynthetic parameters comparing green and chlorotic trees (Benner et al, 1988;Lange et al, 1989;Weikert et al, 1989;Zimmermann et al, 1988) and chlorotic with regreened trees after fertilization (Beyschlag et al, 1987). Those studies were based on measurements of photosynthetic parameters comparing green and chlorotic trees (Benner et al, 1988;Lange et al, 1989;Weikert et al, 1989;Zimmermann et al, 1988) and chlorotic with regreened trees after fertilization (Beyschlag et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal development of the photosynthetic performance of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) under magnesium deficiency

Mehne-Jakobs¹

1995

Plant Soil

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In order to investigate the influence of different magnesium nutrition on photosynthesis, one hundred 6-year-old spruce trees derived from one clone were planted in October 1990 into a special out-door experimental construction, where they were cultivated in sand culture with an optimal supply of nutrients, except magnesium, via circulating nutrient solutions. Magnesium was added to the nutrient solutions in three different concentrations, varying from optimal to severe deficient supplies. During the first vegetative period in 1991, photosynthetic performance and carboxylation efficiency were measured under saturating light, controlled CO2 conditions, optimal temperature and humidity, using a minicuvette system.During summer, the trees under moderate magnesium deficiency developed tip yellowing symptoms on older needles, while the youngest needles remained green with unchanged chlorophyll contents. Trees under severe magnesium deficiency showed yellowing symptoms on all needle age classes combined with decreased chlorophyll contents in the youngest needles as well. In comparison with the controls, the photosynthetic performance of the 1-year-old needles was significantly lower in both deficiency treatments. The same was observed in the youngest needles of the trees under severe deficiency. Trees under moderate deficiency treatment decreased in photosynthetic performance during the summer without reduction of chlorophyll contents. The reduction of photosynthetic rates corresponded to a decrease in carboxylation efficiency, which is taken as a measure of the activity of the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. This reduction, together with the observed increase of carbohydrate contents in needles of trees growing under magnesium deficiency, led to the assumption that the photosynthetic carbonfixation is reduced as a consequence of the accumulation of carbohydrates.

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Photosynthesis and transpiration of healthy and diseased spruce trees in the course of three vegetation periods

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of air pollutants and nutrient deficiency on D-1 protein content and photosynthesis in young spruce trees

Influence of air pollutants and nutrient deficiency on D-1 protein content and photosynthesis in young spruce trees

The control of ozone uptake by Picea abies (L.) Karst. and P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. during drought and interacting effects on shoot water relations

Seasonal development of the photosynthetic performance of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) under magnesium deficiency

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