Photosynthetic acclimation of apple spur leaves to summer-pruning

Modification of leaf morphology and anatomy as a consequence of columnar architecture in domestic apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) trees

“…Similar associations have been made for sweet cherry (Goncalves et al, 2008). These increases might also be considered as a developmental response to water shortage (Givnish, 1988;Abrams, 1994;Jones, 1994;Larcher, 2000;Mierowski et al, 2002;Chaves et al, 2003;Feng et al, 2004). The observed increase Table 5 Mean values ( ± se) for palisade mesophyll depth in fully expanded leaves from fruiting clusters of columnar and standard apple trees.…”

Photosynthetic capacity, photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll content of three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth. exposed to open field and greenhouse growing conditions

“…Chlorophyll fluorescence is frequently used to determine the state of energy distribution in the thylakoid membrane, photoinhibition and quantum efficiency of PSII (Maxwell and Johnson 2000;Mierowska et al 2008). Under intense sunlight, photochemical impairment was reflected in either the increase in original fluorescence (F o ), or in the decrease in maximum fluorescence (F m ), or in the ratio of variable, F v (equals to F m -F o ), to maximal fluorescence (F v /F m ) (Thomas and Turner 2001).…”

Light interception in apple trees influenced by canopy architecture manipulation

“…One factor is the intrinsic architectural pattern of the cultivar itself (Sansavini and CorelliGrappadelli 1992), from upright highly branched scaffolds to low-branched tip-bearing cultivars (Lespinasse and Delort 1986). For a given cultivar, the rootstock also plays a major role via the canopy volume that confers on the cultivar (Mierowska et al 2002;Palmer 1980). A second factor is the planting system (Jackson 1980) which includes both tree arrangement in the orchard (planting distances, row orientation) and training of the tree canopy by pruning and bending procedures (tree shape and height).…”