Photothermal air gap membrane distillation for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater

Photothermal Surface Heating Membrane Distillation Using 3D-Printed Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Nanocomposite Spacers

“…We have also comparatively studied energy efficiency with recent reports from the solar-thermal direct contact and air gap membrane distillation, as shown in Figure b. ,,,,,− Even though direct comparison of performances is difficult due to the fact that they are highly dependent on various factors such as MD configuration, module design, and operating conditions, this study confirms that photothermal surface heating for AGMD, as well as DCMD, can be energetically efficient, specifically over 10-folds higher compared to those from conventional AGMD using commercially available polymeric membranes. So far, the localized heating of modified membranes has been mainly investigated for the DCMD process under solar irradiation.…”

“…We have also investigated mechanical durability using the stress–strain curves for the 3D-printed dogbone specimens under varied loading conditions (0–5% by weight), as shown in Figure S5. The specimen with 5 wt % Ti 3 C 2 T x showed the highest breaking tensile stress of 51 MPa, which exceeded the poly­(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membranes reported in the literature . Also, it is important to note that oxidative degradation by light exposure or higher temperature might impair the inherent properties of MXenes, potentially affecting their photothermal conversion performances.…”

“…Thus, the total solar-to-thermal energy from the spacer can be understood as the sum of the latent heat of water, feed temperature increment, and radiative heat loss through the air gap. On the other hand, the energy efficiency is determined by evaluating the gain output ratio (GOR) defined as the ratio of required heat energy for freshwater production to that of total input energy by incident solar irradiation. ,, The amount of total energy supplied with respect to the produced distilled water can be also evaluated with specific energy consumption (SEC). The GOR and SEC are, respectively, expressed as GOR = ṁ normald h fg E in SEC false( Wh · normalm − 3 false) = E in ṁ normald where ṁ d is the distilled water flux (kg·m −2 h −1 ) and h fg is the latent heat for water vaporization (kJ·kg –1 ).…”

Effective adsorption of heavy metal ions in water by sulfhydryl modified nano titanium dioxide

“…Next, we use a series of parallel experiments to determine the optimal parameters for material adsorption. (Zhang et al, 2021;Shaheen et al, 2022). First, comparison of the adsorption capacity of nano TiO 2 -SH with different -SH contents for Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ heavy metal ions was explored, as shown in Figure 4A.…”

Flow-through heterogeneous electro-Fenton based on Co-CNT/Ti3C2TX membrane for improved tetracycline removal in wide pH ranges

“…With the continuous development of society and industry, the types and quantities of emerging pollutants discharged into wastewater are increasing. 1 Among them, the most troublesome pollutants in the water body include heavy metals, 2 non-degradable organic pollutants, 3 and new pollutants. 4 In particular, the concentration of these refractory organic pollutants may be low in the actual water environment, but they are difficult to be completely removed by traditional treatment methods.…”