Photovoltaic Generation Impact Analysis in Low Voltage Distribution Grids

Fernandez, Gregorio; Galan, Noemi; Marquina, Daniel; Martı́nez, Diego; Sanchez, Alberto; Eguia, P.; Bludszuweit, Hans; Rueda, J. A.

doi:10.3390/en13174347

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Second, the voltage constraints can be neglected because the system and the DGs are all capable of regulating the bus voltage; thus, the voltage can be kept within the security limits (Shi et al, 2016). (2) The power cannot flow reversely from 10 kV feeders to an upper-level substation because the upper-level power grid needs great changes for reverse power flow, such as relay protection settings, which is hardly realized in the short term (Fernandez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Distributed Generation Accommodation in Flexible Distribution Networks

Xiao

Wang

2021

Front. Energy Res.

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This work proposes a method to analyze distributed generation (DG) accommodation in a flexible distribution network (FDN). Firstly, the DG-load matching degree is proposed to quantitatively describe the power balance degree of DG and load in a distribution network. Secondly, the accommodation ratio of DG is proposed and divided into a DG-load accommodation ratio and DG-network-load accommodation ratio, to distinguish whether the index takes the network operational constraints into account. We derive the DG-load accommodation ratio directly from the matching degree and propose the simulation model of sequential production to solve the DG-network-load accommodation ratio. Finally, the cases of FDN under the scenarios of different matching degrees are studied and compared with those of the traditional rigid distribution network. The results show that the improvement of the accommodation ratio by upgrading the rigid distribution network to an FDN is conditional, which is related to not only the matching degree of the whole network but also that of each local network. The DG-network-load accommodation ratio will tend to the DG-load accommodation ratio if proper planning or optimization measures are taken. We find that the capacity of branches adjacent to the DG bus mainly limit the DG accommodation in the FDN, and it is recommended to relocate the DGs and enlarge the capacity of those branches.

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Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Distributed Generation Accommodation in Flexible Distribution Networks

Xiao

Wang

2021

Front. Energy Res.

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“…However, the use of solar installations by one-family households remains relatively limited. The problem is choosing a photovoltaic panel which will be the most satisfactory for the customer [23,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model of Choice Photovoltaic Panels Considering Customers’ Expectations

Siwiec

Pacana

2021

Energies

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Photovoltaic electricity generation is key to achieving deep decarbonization with a high degree of electrification. It is predicted that the energy sector will reduce carbon dioxide by producing electricity mainly from photovoltaic (PV) power. Although dynamic development of the implementation of photovoltaic panels has been observed, their choice considering customer specificity is still a problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose the model of choice photovoltaic panels considering customers’ expectations. It can support the choice of a photovoltaic panel of a certain quality (satisfaction of concrete customer) in combination with the cost of its purchase. The proposed model includes acquiring and then processing customers’ expectations into technical criteria, while simultaneously considering the weighting of these criteria. It is realized in a standardized way, i.e., the zero-unitarization method (MUZ), after which normalized values of the quality of the photovoltaic panels’ criteria are obtained. In turn, the quality of these products is estimated by the weighted sum model (WSM) and then integrated with purchase cost in qualitative cost analysis (AKJ). As a result, using the scale of relative states, it is possible to categorize customer satisfaction from indicating qualitative cost and selecting the photovoltaic panel expected by customers (the most satisfactory). The effectiveness of the model was demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis, after which the key PV criteria were indicated. The proposed model is intended for any entity who selects a photovoltaic panel for customers. The computerization of calculations may contribute to its utilitarian dissemination.

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“…Besides voltage rise, photovoltaic micro-installations can also cause other negative impacts on distribution networks. In references [18][19][20], there are listed the most common issues of PV distributed generation, which include:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Inverter Profiles in Relation to the European Network Code NC RfG and the Requirements of Polish Distribution System Operators

et al. 2021

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The presently observed rapid increase in photovoltaic (PV) micro-installation connections to low-voltage networks, resulting from numerous financial support programmes, European Union (EU) energy policy and growing social awareness of environmental and economic issues, raise the question if PV inverters widely available in EU market fulfil the numerous technical requirements specified in European and Polish regulations. The paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out on three PV Inverters widely available in the EU in accordance with the EU network code NC RfG, standard EN 50549-1:2019 and internal Polish distribution system operators’ (DSOs’) regulations, governing PV inverter cooperation with the low-voltage distribution network. The laboratory test stand scheme and its description are presented. In each test, at least one of the inverters encountered issues, either with the operation in required frequency ranges (one PV inverter), activating reactive power control modes (all three PV inverters), maintaining required power generation gradient after tripping (one PV inverter) or under-voltage ride through immunity (one PV inverter). The obtained results have shown that all tested PV inverters did not meet requirements that are the key to maintaining reliable and safe operation of transmission and distribution electrical networks.

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Photovoltaic Generation Impact Analysis in Low Voltage Distribution Grids

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Analysis of Distributed Generation Accommodation in Flexible Distribution Networks

Analysis of Distributed Generation Accommodation in Flexible Distribution Networks

Model of Choice Photovoltaic Panels Considering Customers’ Expectations

Photovoltaic Inverter Profiles in Relation to the European Network Code NC RfG and the Requirements of Polish Distribution System Operators

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