Phylogenetic analysis of an epidemic outbreak of acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients by ultra-deep pyrosequencing

Caro-Pérez, Noelia; Martı́nez-Rebollar, Marı́a; Gregori, Josep; Quer, Josep; González, Patricia; Gambato, Martina; García-González, Neris; Gónzález-Candelas, Fernando; Costa, Josep; Esteban, Juan Ignacio; Mallolas, Josép; Forns, Xavier; Laguno, Montse; Pérez‐del‐Pulgar, Sofía

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2017.05.008

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Several recent studies reported similar results in the MSM population, with an increasing incidence rate in recent years in relation to high-risk sexual practices [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] and HCV transmission clusters have even been identified in series of cases of acute hepatitis C [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 55%

Epidemiology and Elimination of HCV-Related Liver Disease

Pradat

Virlogeux

Trépo

2018

Viruses

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, defined by active carriage of HCV RNA, affects nearly 1.0% of the worldwide population. The main risk factors include unsafe injection drug use and iatrogenic infections. Chronic HCV infection can promote liver damage, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in affected individuals. The advent of new second-generation, direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents allow a virological cure in more than 90% of treated patients, and therefore prevent HCV-related complications. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of DAA-regimens in cirrhotic patients with respect to the occurrence and the recurrence of HCC. Here, we review the current available data on HCV epidemiology, the beneficial effects of therapy, and discuss the recent controversy with respect to the potential link with liver cancer. We also highlight the challenges that have to be overcome to achieve the ambitious World Health Organization objective of HCV eradication by 2030.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 55%

Epidemiology and Elimination of HCV-Related Liver Disease

Pradat

Virlogeux

Trépo

2018

Viruses

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“…In this study, we found that HCV molecular phylogenetics identified the transmission of a specific lineage (cluster A) of HCV G4d among men in Quebec; this would otherwise have remained undocumented. The G4d cluster A strains were found to be concentrated in two urban health regions (X and Y) and localized on the same monophyletic lineage as G4d sequences reported in HIV-positive MSM in England, France, Germany and the Netherlands (20, [23][24][25] and later in Spain (30). Although it is likely that this particular G4d cluster A strain was introduced to Canada from Europe, the origin of this strain in Quebec remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Molecular surveillance of hepatitis C virus genotypes identifies the emergence of a genotype 4d lineage among men in Quebec, 2001–2017

Murphy¹,

Dion²,

Simard³

et al. 2019

CCDR

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Background: Molecular phylogenetics are generally used to confirm hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission events. In addition, the Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec (LSPQ) has been using molecular phylogenetics for surveillance of HCV genotyping since November 2001. Objectives: To describe the emergence of a specific lineage of HCV genotype 4d (G4d) and its characteristics using molecular phylogenetics as a surveillance tool for identifying HCV strain clustering. Methods: The LSPQ prospectively applied Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to determine the HCV genotype on samples collected from November 2001 to December 2017. When a major G4d cluster was identified, demographic information, HIV-infection status and syphilis test results were analyzed. Results: Phylogenetic analyses performed on approximately 22,000 cases identified 122 G4d cases. One major G4d cluster composed of 37 cases was singled out. Two cases were identified in 2010, 10 from 2011-2014 and 25 from 2015-2017. Cases in the cluster were concentrated in two urban health regions. Compared to the other G4d cases, cluster cases were all male (p<0.001) and more likely to be HIV-positive (adjusted risk ratio: 4.4; 95% confidence interval: 2.5-7.9). A positive syphilis test result was observed for 27 (73%) of the cluster cases. The sequences in this cluster and of four outlier cases were located on the same monophyletic lineage as G4d sequences reported in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Europe. Conclusion: Molecular phylogenetics enabled the identification and surveillance of ongoing transmission of a specific HCV G4d lineage in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men in Quebec and its cross-continental spread. This information can orient intervention strategies to avoid transmission of HCV in MSM.

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“…1,9 Most acute outbreak reports refer to sexual transmission among men who have sex with men or transmission in a healthcare setting. [14][15][16][17][18] Outbreaks of hepatitis C in PWID are difficult to distinguish from background prevalence due to often infrequent testing in this group. In this case, detection of the outbreak followed the identification of four acute or recent cases in a group of young and vulnerable people and provided an opportunity to intervene at an early stage of the event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having ever been to prison was reported by 75% of respondents (83% of hepatitis C positive) and 12% reported injecting drugs in prison (30% of hepatitis C positive). Individuals were in prison for a median of four times (range 1-30) and their age at their first prison stay was 18 (range [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Risk Behaviours Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%