Phylogenetic Analysis of Atractylodes Plants Based on Chloroplast trnK Sequence.

Molecular Systematics of Genus Atractylodes (Compositae, Cardueae): Evidence from Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and trnL-F Sequences

“…The common features of the Atractylodes lancea complex include smaller inflorescence diameters, white flower, and gynodioecism. In the phylogenetic tree, Atractylodes macrocephala is the sister group of the A. lancea complex, which is consistent with the findings of Zhou et al and Mizukami et al [13,19]. …”

“…Previous studies were often lacking research due to the narrow distribution of Atractylodes carlinoides [19,20,24]. Morphologically, Atractylodes carlinoides presents significant differences from other Atractylodes species such as the presence of basal leaves in mature plants, the uniramous aerial stem, and the underdeveloped rhizome [6].…”

“…Some scholars have already established the genetic relationship of Atractylodes , which, however, failed to cover all the taxa of Atractylodes [13,19,20]. The limited number of individuals in each taxon limits the available experimental materials; hence, the genealogy of Atractylodes is incomplete.…”

DNA authentication of So-jutsu (Atractylodes lancea rhizome) and Byaku-jutsu (Atractylodes rhizome) obtained in the market based on the nucleotide sequence of the 18S–5.8S rDNA internal transcribed spacer region

“…This result was later confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis [11]. Furthermore, a phylogenetic-tree constructed from the 2.6-kb sequences of the chloroplast trnK gene revealed that A. ovata is an outgroup of the five Atractylodes species, A. ovata, A. japonica, A. lancea, A chinensis and A. koreana and that A. japonica and A. lancea are the two most closely related species [12]. Recently, Shiba et al [13] compared the sequences of a nuclear rDNA repeating unit among 252 plants belonging to the five Atractylodes species and their interspecific hybrids and showed that several polymorphic sites mostly located in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region can be used as DNA markers for identification of these Atractylodes plants.…”

Wild Ginseng Grows in Myanmar

“…is a powerful tool for identifying the botanical origin of plant species. 17,18) To confirm the scientific name assigned for MG, 18S rRNA gene and matK gene sequences of this plant were determined and compared to those sequences of other authentic Panax taxa, including P. zingiberensis collected from China. The 18S rRNA gene sequences of MG and P. zingiberensis were found to be 1809 base pairs in length, corresponding with other six taxa reported previously.…”