Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in domestic swine and wild boar in Germany

Oliveira-Filho, Edmilson F.; Bank-Wolf, Barbara; Thiel, Heinz-Jürgen; König, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.011

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This result was expected, as the majority of studies conducted in Europe have detected this genotype (Kamar et al 2012). Similarly to Oliveira-Filho et al (2014), we did not find any geographic clustering of the HEV sequences from wild boars. We observed four lineages (I-IV) among the Estonian HEV sequences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…For example, HEVspecific antibodies and viral RNA were found both in domestic pigs and wild boars, in France, Germany, and Italy (Caruso et al 2015;Oliveira-Filho et al 2014;Adlhoch et al 2009;Schielke et al 2009). Moreover, analysis of sera from individuals who were occupationally or recreationally exposed to domestic pigs and wild boars, such as farmers, pig veterinarians, forestry workers and hunters, demonstrated that the seroprevalence to HEV was higher in these risk groups than in individuals without contact to these animals (Chaussade et al 2013;Dremsek et al 2013;Drobeniuc et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs, Wild Boars, Pig Farm Workers, and Hunters in Estonia

et al. 2015

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While hepatitis E is a growing health concern in Europe, epidemiological data on hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Estonia are scarce. Along with imported HEV infections, autochthonous cases are reported from European countries. Both domestic and wild animals can be a source of human cases of this zoonosis. Here, we investigated the presence of anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA in domestic pigs and wild boars, as well as in pig farm workers and hunters in Estonia. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 234/380 (61.6 %) of sera from domestic pigs and in all investigated herds, and in 81/471 (17.2 %) of meat juice samples from wild boars. HEV RNA was detected by real-time PCR in 103/449 (22.9 %) of fecal samples from younger domestic pigs and 13/81 (16.0 %) of anti-HEV-positive wild boar samples. Analysis of sera from 67 pig farm workers and 144 hunters revealed the presence of HEV-specific IgG in 13.4 and 4.2 % of the samples, respectively. No HEV RNA was detected in the human serum samples. Phylogenetic analyses of HEV sequences from domestic pigs and wild boars, based on a 245 bp fragment from the open reading frame 2 showed that all of them belonged to genotype 3. The present study demonstrates the presence of HEV in Estonian domestic pig and wild boar populations, as well as in humans who have direct regular contact with these animals. Our results suggest that HEV infections are present in Estonia and require attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs, Wild Boars, Pig Farm Workers, and Hunters in Estonia

et al. 2015

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“…It could be shown that wild boars might act as reservoirs for various pathogens, e.g., Brucella suis, nontoxigenic tox-bearing Corynebacterium ulcerans, and hepatitis E virus (37)(38)(39). The purposes of those investigations were to evaluate the risk of transmission of pathogens to domestic pigs or to estimate the risk that consumers would become infected, considering the increased popularity of wild boar meat.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yersinia enterocolitica Isolates from Wild Boars Hunted in Lower Saxony, Germany

Altrock

Seinige

Kehrenberg

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Yersiniosis is strongly associated with the consumption of pork contaminated with enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, which is harbored by domestic pigs without showing clinical signs of disease. In contrast to data on Y. enterocolitica isolated from conventionally reared swine, investigations into the occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in wild boars in Germany are rare. The objectives of the study were to get knowledge about these bacteria and their occurrence in wild boars hunted in northern Germany by isolation of the bacteria from the tonsils, identification of the bioserotypes, determination of selected virulence factors, macrorestriction analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and testing of antimicrobial susceptibility. Altogether, tonsils from 17.1% of 111 tested wild boars were positive for Y. enterocolitica by culture methods. All but two isolates belonged to biotype (BT) 1A, with the majority of isolates bearing a ystB nucleotide sequence which was revealed to have 85% identity to internal regions of Y. enterocolitica heat-stable enterotoxin type B genes. The remaining Y. enterocolitica isolates were identified to be BT 1B and did not carry the virulence plasmid. However, two BT 1A isolates carried the ail gene. Macrorestriction analysis and results from MLST showed a high degree of genetic diversity of the isolates, although the region where the samples were taken was restricted to Lower Saxony, Germany, and wild boars were shot during one hunting season. In conclusion, most Y. enterocolitica isolates from wild boars investigated in this study belonged to biotype 1A. Enteropathogenic Y. enterocolitica bioserotypes 4/O:3 and 2/O:9, usually harbored by commercially raised pigs in Europe, could not be identified.

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“…In Spain, Gt3f is the most common circulating subtype; it was isolated from human, Spanish swine and sewage in Barcelona [28,[61][62]. In Germany, subtypes 3a, 3b, 3h, 3i and 3j were detected in wild boar samples [63] and subtypes 3a, 3c were found in porcine liver [64]. Both swine and wild boar HEV strains isolated in Germany have high sequence homology with German human HEV strains, supporting a zoonotic source of HEV infections [63,64].…”

Section: Hev Genotype and Subgenotype Distributionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In Germany, subtypes 3a, 3b, 3h, 3i and 3j were detected in wild boar samples [63] and subtypes 3a, 3c were found in porcine liver [64]. Both swine and wild boar HEV strains isolated in Germany have high sequence homology with German human HEV strains, supporting a zoonotic source of HEV infections [63,64]. It seems that subtypes 3c, 3e and 3f are the most predominant subtypes in European countries [6][7]43,[54][55]58] (Table 1).…”

Section: Hev Genotype and Subgenotype Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Hepatitis E Virus in Europe

et al. 2015

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections appear to be an emerging problem in Europe. Infections are mainly caused by viruses of genotype 3. Pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs of HEV in Europe and most autochthonous infections are probably caused by the consumption of uncooked or undercooked infected meat. Nevertheless, transfusion-associated transmission has been described in different European countries but the efficiency of this route of transmission need to be further investigated. Most acute infections are asymptomatic or the induced symptoms are rather nonspecific. Although people that are otherwise completely healthy can spontaneously clear an HEV infection, people with underlying liver disease and/or suffering from immune deficiencies may require treatment to avoid chronicity and exacerbation of liver disease. In this review, we give an epidemiological overview of HEV in Europe and the potential complications

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Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in domestic swine and wild boar in Germany

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs, Wild Boars, Pig Farm Workers, and Hunters in Estonia

Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs, Wild Boars, Pig Farm Workers, and Hunters in Estonia

Yersinia enterocolitica Isolates from Wild Boars Hunted in Lower Saxony, Germany

The Emergence of Hepatitis E Virus in Europe

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