Phylogenetic analysis of niche divergence reveals distinct evolutionary histories and climate change implications for tropical carnivorous pitcher plants

Schwallier, Rachel; Raes, Niels; Boer, Hugo de; Vos, Rutger A.; Vugt, Rogier R van; Gravendeel, Barbara

doi:10.1111/ddi.12382

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…These, along with variations of substrate and altitude, mark them the genus as a good putative example of an adaptive radiation (Bauer et al, 2012a;Clarke and Moran, 2016;Gaume et al, 2016;Thorogood et al, 2018). Many interesting questions remain about the evolution of key adaptations and their correlation with rates of diversification, the role of ecological divergence in speciation, and the importance of introgression and gene flow in the origin of new species or the maintenance of a wider pool of genetic diversity for variation (Thorogood et al, (Bunawan et al, 2017;Golos, 2012;Merckx et al, 2015;Renner and Specht, 2011;Schwallier et al, 2016) but major inconsistencies remain. Conflict between markers has been particularly noted by Mullins (2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogenomic analysis ofNepenthes(Nepenthaceae)

Murphy

Forest²,

Barraclough

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Nepenthaceae is one of the largest carnivorous plant families and features ecological and morphological adaptations indicating an impressive adaptive radiation. However, investigation of evolutionary and taxonomic questions is hindered by poor phylogenetic understanding, with previous molecular studies based on limited loci and taxa. We use high-throughput sequencing with a target-capture methodology based on a 353-loci, probe set to recover sequences for 197 samples, representing 151 described or putative Nepenthes species. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using supermatrix and maximum quartet species tree approaches. Our analyses confirm five Western outlier taxa, followed by N. danseri, as successively sister to the remainder of the group.We also find mostly consistent recovery of two major Southeast Asian clades. The first contains common or widespread lowland species plus a Wallacean-New Guinean clade. Within the second clade, sects. Insignes and Tentaculatae are well supported, while geographically defined clades representing Sumatra, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Palawan, Mindanao and Borneo are also consistently recovered. However, we find considerable conflicting signal at the site and locus level, and often unstable backbone relationships. A handful of Bornean taxa are inconsistently placed and require further investigation. We make further suggestions for a modified infra-generic classification of genus Nepenthes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogenomic analysis ofNepenthes(Nepenthaceae)

Murphy

Forest²,

Barraclough

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The key finding of this study is that N. hemsleyana profits from outsourcing arthropod prey capture (which most likely is the basal supplementary nutrient sequestration strategy for Nepenthes; see Meimberg et al 2001;Alamsyah & Ito 2013;Schwallier et al 2016) to mutualistic bats. The bats provide the plants supplementary nutrition in the form of arthropods that passed through the bats' digestive tract.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…; Alamsyah & Ito ; Schwallier et al . ) to mutualistic bats. The bats provide the plants supplementary nutrition in the form of arthropods that passed through the bats’ digestive tract.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Alamsyah & Ito ; Schwallier et al . ). Moreover, coprophagy has evolved in two ‘groups’ of species that do not appear to be closely related ( N. hemsleyana on one hand, and Nepenthes lowii , Nepenthes macrophylla and Nepenthes rajah on the other; Chin, Moran & Clarke ) and that are nested in groups of insectivorous Nepenthes species (Meimberg et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Coprophagy in Nepenthes seems to be a derived trait, with arthropod capture representing the basal supplementary nutrient sequestration strategy for the genus. Phylogenetic analyses show that all basal Nepenthes species are specialized on arthropod capture (Meimberg et al 2001;Alamsyah & Ito 2013;Schwallier et al 2016). Moreover, coprophagy has evolved in two 'groups' of species that do not appear to be closely related (N. hemsleyana on one hand, and Nepenthes lowii, Nepenthes macrophylla and Nepenthes rajah on the other; Chin, Moran & Clarke 2010) and that are nested in groups of insectivorous Nepenthes species (Meimberg et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological outsourcing: a pitcher plant benefits from transferring pre‐digestion of prey to a bat mutualist

Schöner

Grafe

et al. 2016

Journal of Ecology

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Summary Mutualisms are interspecific interactions where each of the species involved gains net benefits from the other(s). The exchange of resources and/or services between mutualistic partners often involves tasks that species originally accomplished themselves but which have been taken over by or transferred to the more efficient partner during the evolution of the mutualism. Such ‘ecological outsourcing’ can be seen, for example, in several carnivorous plants that have transferred prey capture and digestion to animal partners. However, the outcome of this transfer and its fitness relevance has rarely been quantified. Using a digestive mutualism between a carnivorous pitcher plant (Nepenthes hemsleyana) and a bat (Kerivoula hardwickii) as a model, we tested the hypothesis that ecological outsourcing is a profitable strategy for the outsourcing partner. To evaluate the value of this mutualism, we conducted a series of field and glasshouse experiments. We measured the benefits of ecological outsourcing by comparing survival, growth, photosynthesis and nutrient content of N. hemsleyana plants fed with bat faeces to those fed with arthropods. To investigate the costs of such outsourcing processes, we repeated the experiment with the closest relative (Nepenthes rafflesiana) that is not adapted to digest bat faeces. We found that N. hemsleyana plants fed with faeces had increased survival, growth and photosynthesis compared to plants fed with arthropods only. On average, plants covered 95% of their nitrogen demand from faeces under strong nutrient deprivation. Despite N. rafflesiana's higher arthropod capture rate, faeces covered a large part of this species’ nutrient demand as well, suggesting low costs for outsourcing. Synthesis. Outsourcing prey capture and digestion to the mutualism partner seems to be a beneficial strategy for N. hemsleyana. It may explain the evolutionary trend of several carnivorous plants to lose their carnivorous traits while increasing their attractiveness to mutualistic partners. On a much broader scale, we propose that ecological outsourcing could be one of the major drivers for the evolution and maintenance of mutualisms.

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Phylogenetic conservatism in threatened species responses to climate change differs between functional types in the Gongga Mountains of China

Zu,

Shrestha,

Jiang

et al. 2023

J. Mt. Sci.

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Phylogenetic analysis of niche divergence reveals distinct evolutionary histories and climate change implications for tropical carnivorous pitcher plants

Abstract: Aim To analyse the underpinnings of historical drivers of diversity and their contributions to current distributions and future roles in a changing climate, we studied the relationship between ecological niche divergence and phylogenetic signal in tropical carnivorous pitcher plants.

Cited by 20 publications

References 109 publications

A phylogenomic analysis ofNepenthes(Nepenthaceae)

A phylogenomic analysis ofNepenthes(Nepenthaceae)

Ecological outsourcing: a pitcher plant benefits from transferring pre‐digestion of prey to a bat mutualist

Phylogenetic conservatism in threatened species responses to climate change differs between functional types in the Gongga Mountains of China

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