Phylogenetic comparative methods and the geographic range size – body size relationship in new world terrestrial carnivora

Diniz‐Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Tôrres, Natália Mundim

doi:10.1023/a:1020210321776

Cited by 111 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…To analyze the phylogenetic patterns of phenotypic evolution that were going to be used to estimate the phylogenetic patch (see below), we compiled 23 ecological, morphological and life-history traits for the 70 species of carnivore mammals living in North, Central and South America, obtained from the specialized literature (Burt and Grossenheider, 1980;Eisenberg, 1989;Chapman and Feldhamer, 1990;Gittleman, 1985Gittleman, , 1986aGittleman, ,b, 1991Eisenberg, 1992, 1999;Wilson and Reeder, 1993;Emmons, 1997) (Table 1). The phylogenetic patterns of these variables were analyzed by phylogenetic correlograms (Gittleman and Kot, 1990;Gittleman et al, 1996;Diniz-Filho, 2001;Diniz-Filho and Tôrres, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic autocorrelation and evolutionary diversity of Carnivora (Mammalia) in Conservation Units of the New World

Tôrres

Diniz‐Filho

2004

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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One of the main concerns of Conservation Biology is the identification of priority areas for conservation, and the development of quantitative methods is important to achieve this task. Many phylogenetic diversity indexes and higher-taxon approaches have been used in this context. In this study, Faith's phylogenetic indexes and the number of evolutionary independent lineages of Carnivora were calculated at the average patch level based on phylogenetic autocorrelation analysis of phenotypic traits, in 18 conservation units in America (frequently National Parks). Despite controversies about the hierarchical level to be adopted, the characters included in this study suggest that the family level produces independent units for the analysis of phenotypic diversity in Carnivora. A positive correlation between species richness and the number of evolutionary independent lineages appeared (r = 0.67; p < 0.05), showing that this is a valid criterion to priorize conservation areas. Faith's phylogenetic diversity index is also highly correlated with species richness (r = 0.87; p < 0.05), as well as with the number of evolutionary independent lineages (r = 0.89; p < 0.05). Thus, the conservation units with more species have also more evolutionary information to be preserved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic autocorrelation and evolutionary diversity of Carnivora (Mammalia) in Conservation Units of the New World

Tôrres

Diniz‐Filho

2004

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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“…As we and others have emphasized for more than a decade, analyses using a given topology and branch lengths can perform relatively poorly if their assumptions are severely violated (e.g. see Grafen, 1989;Martins and Garland, 1991;Diaz-Uriarte andGarland, 1996, 1998;Price, 1997;Garland and Diaz-Uriarte, 1999;Harvey and Rambaut, 2000;Diniz-Filho and Torres, 2002;Martins et al, 2002;Freckleton et al, 2003;Housworth et al, 2004). Thus, we urge practitioners to apply robust tests for phylogenetic signal, diagnostic checks, and branch length transformations as warranted (for recent discussions and methods, see Freckleton et al, 2002;Blomberg et al, 2003), and sensitivity analyses by varying branch lengths and/or model of evolution (e.g.…”

Section: When and Why To Use Phylogenetic Information Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Subsequently, phylogenetic GLS methods were promoted by other workers (Martins and Hansen, 1997;Butler et al, 2000;Garland and Ives, 2000;Rohlf, 2001) and are now becoming a routine comparative tool (e.g. see Diniz-Filho and Torres, 2002;Freckleton et al, 2002;Blomberg et al, 2003;Housworth et al, 2004).…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thorpe et al, 1996;Rochet et al, 2000;Diniz-Filho and Torres, 2002;Paradis and Claude, 2002;Desdevises et al, 2003;Butler and King, 2004;Housworth et al, 2004), the three main phylogenetically based statistical methods are independent contrasts (IC), generalized leastsquares models (GLS; Grafen, 1989;Martins and Hansen, 1997;Garland and Ives, 2000;Rohlf, 2001), and Monte Carlo computer simulations (as introduced above in the section entitled 'An example of how phylogeny can affect statistical analyses'). All of them can be applied to a wide range of analyses, including correlation, regression, analysis of variance and covariance, and principal components analysis.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic approaches in comparative physiology

Garland

Bennett

Rezende

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

610

569

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SUMMARY Over the past two decades, comparative biological analyses have undergone profound changes with the incorporation of rigorous evolutionary perspectives and phylogenetic information. This change followed in large part from the realization that traditional methods of statistical analysis tacitly assumed independence of all observations, when in fact biological groups such as species are differentially related to each other according to their evolutionary history. New phylogenetically based analytical methods were then rapidly developed, incorporated into `the comparative method', and applied to many physiological, biochemical, morphological and behavioral investigations. We now review the rationale for including phylogenetic information in comparative studies and briefly discuss three methods for doing this(independent contrasts, generalized least-squares models, and Monte Carlo computer simulations). We discuss when and how to use phylogenetic information in comparative studies and provide several examples in which it has been helpful, or even crucial, to a comparative analysis. We also consider some difficulties with phylogenetically based statistical methods, and of comparative approaches in general, both practical and theoretical. It is our personal opinion that the incorporation of phylogeny information into comparative studies has been highly beneficial, not only because it can improve the reliability of statistical inferences, but also because it continually emphasizes the potential importance of past evolutionary history in determining current form and function.

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“…How these changes have influenced macroevolutionary trajectories in the context of specific macroecological traits remains a long-standing question in evolutionary biology (Vrba 1985;Allmon and Ross 1990;Diniz-Filho and Tôrres 2002;Eldredge 2003;Rothschild and Lister 2003;Lieberman 2005;Colwell and Rangel 2010;Eastman and Storfer 2011;Myers and Saupe 2013;Svenning et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Niche Breadth and Dispersal Ability on Macroevolutionary Patterns

Qiao

Saupe

Soberón

et al. 2016

The American Naturalist

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We describe a spatially explicit simulation experiment designed to assess relative impacts of macroecological traits on patterns of biological diversification under changing environmental conditions. Using a simulation framework, we assessed impacts of species' niche breadth (i.e., the range of their abiotic tolerances) and dispersal ability on resulting patterns of speciation and extinction and evaluated how these traits, in conjunction with environmental change, shape biological diversification. Simulation results supported both niche breadth and dispersal ability as important drivers of diversification in the face of environmental change, and suggested that the rate of environmental change influences how species interact with the extrinsic environment to generate diversity. Niche breadth had greater effects on speciation and extinction than dispersal ability when climate changed rapidly, whereas dispersal ability effects were elevated when climate changed slowly. Our simulations provide a bottom-up perspective on the generation and maintenance of diversity under climate change, offering a better understanding of potential interactions between species' intrinsic macroecological characteristics and a dynamic extrinsic environment in the process of biological diversification.

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Phylogenetic comparative methods and the geographic range size – body size relationship in new world terrestrial carnivora

Cited by 111 publications

References 54 publications

Phylogenetic autocorrelation and evolutionary diversity of Carnivora (Mammalia) in Conservation Units of the New World

Phylogenetic autocorrelation and evolutionary diversity of Carnivora (Mammalia) in Conservation Units of the New World

Phylogenetic approaches in comparative physiology

Impacts of Niche Breadth and Dispersal Ability on Macroevolutionary Patterns

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