Phylogenetic comparison and artificial selection

Garland, Theodore

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3401-0_9

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, randomization tests are unable to reject the possibility of a significant phylogenetic signal in the data, except for the compactness (C), width of the transition zone (S), and aspect ratio (CSS) for the rib. This justifies the need to account for the effects of phylogenetic pseudoreplication (Garland, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical evolution of solid bones in large animals: a microanatomical investigation

Houssaye

Waskow

Hayashi

et al. 2015

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graviportal taxa show an allometric increase of the cross‐sectional area of supportive bones and are assumed to display microanatomical changes associated with an increase in bone mass. This evokes osteosclerosis (i.e. an increase in bone compactness observed in some aquatic amniotes). The present study investigates the changes in bones' microanatomical organization associated with graviportality and how comparable they are with aquatically acquired osteosclerosis aiming to better understand the adaptation of bone to the different associated functional requirements. Bones of graviportal taxa show microanatomical changes that are not solely attributable to allometry. They display a thicker cortex and a proportionally smaller medullary cavity, with a wider transition zone between these domains. This inner cancellous structure may enable to better enhance energy absorption and marrow support. Moreover, the cross‐sectional geometric parameters indicate increased resistance to stresses engendered by bending and torsion, as well as compression. Adaptation to a graviportal posture should be taken into consideration when analyzing possibly amphibious taxa with a terrestrial‐like morphology. This is particularly important for palaeoecological inferences about large extinct tetrapods that might have been amphibious and, more generally, for the study of early stages of adaptation to an aquatic life in amniotes.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical evolution of solid bones in large animals: a microanatomical investigation

Houssaye

Waskow

Hayashi

et al. 2015

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More recently, it has been noted that selection experiments are a modern corollary to the August Krogh Principle: if a suitable model does not exist, then create one (21)! Selection experiments are an excellent way to probe the interrelations among traits, including complex traits, because one can atomize an organism to the desired level, impose selection at that level on a trait of interest, and observe correlated cross-generational changes in other traits (58,60,66,187). They are a good way to test specific hypotheses about putative trade-offs (61) and constraints on the way organisms can evolve (e.g., 205,206,211).…”

Section: Insights Into Evolutionary Pattern and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are a good way to test specific hypotheses about putative trade-offs (61) and constraints on the way organisms can evolve (e.g., 205,206,211). In particular, they can be a powerful way to demonstrate mechanism, i.e., how organisms work (58,60). For example, one could impose selection on some measure of whole animal performance and then observe a correlated response in one or more lower-level traits that plausibly cause or permit the change in performance.…”

Section: Insights Into Evolutionary Pattern and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic approaches in comparative and evolutionary physiology

Storz

Bridgham

Kelly

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Whole animal physiological performance is highly polygenic and highly plastic, and the same is generally true for the many subordinate traits that underlie performance capacities. Quantitative genetics, therefore, provides an appropriate framework for the analysis of physiological phenotypes and can be used to infer the microevolutionary processes that have shaped patterns of trait variation within and among species. In cases where specific genes are known to contribute to variation in physiological traits, analyses of intraspecific polymorphism and interspecific divergence can reveal molecular mechanisms of functional evolution and can provide insights into the possible adaptive significance of observed sequence changes. In this review, we explain how the tools and theory of quantitative genetics, population genetics, and molecular evolution can inform our understanding of mechanism and process in physiological evolution. For example, lab-based studies of polygenic inheritance can be integrated with field-based studies of trait variation and survivorship to measure selection in the wild, thereby providing direct insights into the adaptive significance of physiological variation. Analyses of quantitative genetic variation in selection experiments can be used to probe interrelationships among traits and the genetic basis of physiological trade-offs and constraints. We review approaches for characterizing the genetic architecture of physiological traits, including linkage mapping and association mapping, and systems approaches for dissecting intermediary steps in the chain of causation between genotype and phenotype. We also discuss the promise and limitations of population genomic approaches for inferring adaptation at specific loci. We end by highlighting the role of organismal physiology in the functional synthesis of evolutionary biology.

show abstract

“…Overall, this means that carboxylase-related (but not oxygenase-related) kinetic traits in different species are similar as a consequence of their phylogenetic relationship. Therefore, conventional approaches to measure correlations that assume independence between observations of carboxylase-related kinetic trait values are incorrect, and correlation coefficients computed using such approaches have likely been over-estimated (Felsenstein, 1985; Grafen, 1989; Pagel and Harvey, 1989; Gittleman and Kot, 1990; Abouheif, 1999; Pagel, 1999; Garland, 2001; Blomberg, Garland and Ives, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By extension of this fact, it should be expected that closely related enzymes will generally also have similar kinetics, with the extent of this similarity being dependent on the underlying tree describing the relationship between species. This phenomenon, which is known as phylogenetic signal (also known as phylogenetic co-variation), can cause spurious correlations in measured trait values between species unless the structure of the phylogenetic tree is taken into consideration (Felsenstein, 1985; Grafen, 1989; Pagel and Harvey, 1989; Garland, 2001). Thus, as previous analyses of RuBisCO kinetics have not assessed whether phylogenetic signal exists in RuBisCO kinetic traits, nor accounted for any phylogenetic signal which may exist, it is possible that the observed catalytic trade-offs inferred from the presence of correlations are, either wholly or in part, an artefact caused by phylogenetic signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubisco adaptation is more limited by phylogenetic constraint than by catalytic trade-off

Emms

Rhodes

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RuBisCO assimilates CO2 to form the sugars that fuel life on earth. Correlations between RuBisCO kinetic traits across species have led to the proposition that RuBisCO adaptation is constrained by catalytic trade-offs. However, these correlations were founded on the assumption that kinetic measurements in different species are independent. Here, we show that this assumption is incorrect in angiosperms by evaluating the dependence of variation in RuBisCO kinetic traits on the phylogenetic tree that relates the enzymes. We show that there is significant phylogenetic signal in all carboxylase kinetic traits in angiosperms, and significant phylogenetic signal in the Michaelis constant for O2 in species that conduct C3 photosynthesis. When accounting for this non-independence, we show that the catalytic trade-off between carboxylase turnover and the Michaelis constant for CO2 is weak (∼30 % dependency) and that the correlations between all other RuBisCO kinetic traits are either not-significant or marginal (<9 % dependency). Finally, we demonstrate that phylogenetic constraints limit RuBisCO adaptation to a greater extent than catalytic trade-offs. Thus, the biochemical landscape of RuBisCO adaptation in angiosperms is predominantly limited by phylogenetic constraint and a partial trade-off between carboxylase turnover and the Michaelis constant for CO2.

show abstract

Phylogenetic comparison and artificial selection

Cited by 27 publications

References 69 publications

Biomechanical evolution of solid bones in large animals: a microanatomical investigation

Biomechanical evolution of solid bones in large animals: a microanatomical investigation

Genetic approaches in comparative and evolutionary physiology

Rubisco adaptation is more limited by phylogenetic constraint than by catalytic trade-off

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About