Phylogeny, biogeography, and electric signal evolution of Neotropical knifefishes of the genus Gymnotus (Osteichthyes: Gymnotidae)

Lovejoy, Nathan R.; Lester, Kristie; Crampton, William G. R.; Marques, Fernando P. L.; Albert, James S.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.017

Cited by 77 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Miller 1966;Reis et al 2003;Miller 2005). Gymnotus is the most widespread genus of all gymnotiforms, and holds at least 34 described species; although morphological, electric signal and molecular evidence indicate that many more remain to be described (Lovejoy et al 2010).Like all other gymnotiforms, Gymnotus possess an electrogenic organ which, when discharged, produces a species-specific weak electric field in the surrounding water. Fish can sense perturbations of their self-generated electric field through an array of electroreceptors distributed all over their skin.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the species and the morphology of the electric organ, EOD waveforms usually have one to four phases of alternating polarity. Adult Gymnotus exhibit species-specific differences in EODs, such as the number, duration, and relative amplitude of these phases (Crampton et al 2008;Crampton et al 2011).The species of the genus Gymnotus form at least five evolutionary lineages or species groups supported both by morphological and genetic characters (Albert et al 2004;Lovejoy et al 2010). The Central American G. cylindricus group is sister to the G. carapo group distributed in South America, and the two of them are nested within the other South American species (G. pantherinus, G1 clade and G2 clades) (Lovejoy et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The Central American G. cylindricus group is sister to the G. carapo group distributed in South America, and the two of them are nested within the other South American species (G. pantherinus, G1 clade and G2 clades) (Lovejoy et al 2010). Lovejoy et al (2010) estimated that colonization of Central America by the G. cylindricus group occurred during the Miocene, around 15 million years ago (95% highest posterior density interval = 7.18-24.28).In Panama, so far, only one species of Gymnotus has been described or recorded: G. panamensis (Albert and Crampton 2003;Brochu 2011), occurring on the Western Caribbean slope in the Cricamola River, province of Bocas del Toro (Figure 1). No other study or ichthyological survey has reported Gymnotus in any other part of the country (Eigenmann 1905; Meek and Hildebrand 1916; Breder 1927; Hildebrand 1938; Loftin 1965;Miller 1966; Bussing 2002;Reis et al 2003), thus leaving the Isthmus of Panama as a gap in the distribution of the genus between Central and South America.…”

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First record of Gymnotus henni (Albert, Crampton and Maldonado, 2003) in Panama: phylogenetic position and electric signal characterization

Alda¹,

Picq²,

León³

et al. 2013

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Abstract:We present the first record of the weakly electric fish Gymnotus henni in Panama, which also represents the first record of Gymnotus in the Pacific slope of the country. One specimen was collected in a tributary of the Chucunaque River in the Tuira basin. The species showed a monophasic electric organ discharge. Molecular analyses indicated that G. henni from Panama and Colombia are closely related and represent an independent and basal lineage to the Central American G. cylindricus and South American G. carapo groups. Evolutionary and biogeographic implications are discussed. (Miller 1966;Reis et al. 2003;Miller 2005). Gymnotus is the most widespread genus of all gymnotiforms, and holds at least 34 described species; although morphological, electric signal and molecular evidence indicate that many more remain to be described (Lovejoy et al. 2010).Like all other gymnotiforms, Gymnotus possess an electrogenic organ which, when discharged, produces a species-specific weak electric field in the surrounding water. Fish can sense perturbations of their self-generated electric field through an array of electroreceptors distributed all over their skin. This electrosense serves two main functions: detection of nearby objects and preys (electrolocation), and inter-and intra-specific interactions (electrocommunication). The electrosensory modality is the primary communication channel for sexual and territorial signalling, consistent with a poorly developed visual system and nocturnal habits (Moller 1995). Fish of the genus Gymnotus generate electric organ discharges (EODs) as a series of pulses with relatively long and variable intervals. Depending on the species and the morphology of the electric organ, EOD waveforms usually have one to four phases of alternating polarity. Adult Gymnotus exhibit species-specific differences in EODs, such as the number, duration, and relative amplitude of these phases (Crampton et al. 2008;Crampton et al. 2011).The species of the genus Gymnotus form at least five evolutionary lineages or species groups supported both by morphological and genetic characters (Albert et al. 2004;Lovejoy et al. 2010). The Central American G. cylindricus group is sister to the G. carapo group distributed in South America, and the two of them are nested within the other South American species (G. pantherinus, G1 clade and G2 clades) (Lovejoy et al. 2010). Lovejoy et al. (2010) estimated that colonization of Central America by the G. cylindricus group occurred during the Miocene, around 15 million years ago (95% highest posterior density interval = 7.18-24.28).In Panama, so far, only one species of Gymnotus has been described or recorded: G. panamensis (Albert and Crampton 2003;Brochu 2011), occurring on the Western Caribbean slope in the Cricamola River, province of Bocas del Toro (Figure 1). No other study or ichthyological survey has reported Gymnotus in any other part of the country (Eigenmann 1905; Meek and Hildebrand 1916; Breder 1927; Hildebrand 1938; Loftin 1965;Miller 1966; Bussing 2002;Reis...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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First record of Gymnotus henni (Albert, Crampton and Maldonado, 2003) in Panama: phylogenetic position and electric signal characterization

Alda¹,

Picq²,

León³

et al. 2013

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“…Gymnotus Linnaeus is the most species-rich genus of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) with 34 species currently recognized, and many additional undescribed species known from museum collections (Albert, 2001;Albert et al, 2004;Lovejoy et al, 2009). Gymnotus species exhibit considerable morphological and ecological diversity, ranging in mature body size over an order of magnitude (approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from the Fitzcarrald Arch of southeastern Peru

2009

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Herein Gymnotus chaviro is described from the Alto Yuruá (upper rio Juruá) of southeastern Peru, where it is locally abundant in terra firme streams and floodplain oxbow lakes, and occurs sympatrically and syntopically with the type species of the genus G. carapo. The new species is diagnosed by a unique combination of morphometric, meristic, and osteological traits, and a characteristic color pattern in which the dark band-pairs are unbranched and incompletely separated, and the pale inter-bands rarely reach to the dorsal mid-line on the anterior half of the body, being crescent-shaped in abdominal area. Gymnotus chaviro is a member of the G. carapo species group, with which it shares the presence of two pores in the dorsolateral portion of the preopercle, dark pigment bands with wavy margins that become broken and/or loose contrast with the ground color through growth, a clear patch at the caudal end of an otherwise darkly pigmented anal fin, and more than four arrowhead-shaped (anteroposteriorly compressed) teeth in the anterior portion of the dentary. Gymnotus chaviro is most similar in external appearance to G. curupira of lowland Western Amazonia in possessing a slender lateral profile (mean body depth less than 9% total length), a similar color pattern (median number of bands 19 with bands less distinct on dorsum), a large inter-orbital distance (mean greater than 41% head length), a broad head (mean head width greater than 65% head length) and a large mouth (mean mouth width greater than 43% head length). This new species can also be distinguished from G. curupira by the configuration of the preopercular pores, and by several meristic traits of squamation and fin rays. This is the first gymnotiform species described from the interior of the Fitzcarrald Arch, and the only gymnotiform species known to date that is endemic to this upland region of the western Amazon.En el presente trabajo se describe Gymnotus chaviro de Alto Yuruá (parte alta del Río Juruá) en el sureste de Peru. Esta especie es abundante en arroyos de tierra firme y llanuras con lagos en herradura, ocurre de manera sintópica y simpátrica con la especie tipo del genero, G. carapo. La nueva especie se diagnostica por una combinación única de rasgos morfométricos, merísticos y osteológicos, así como un patrón característico de bandas pares obscuras no ramificadas e incompletamente separadas, alternando con bandas claras que raramente alcanzan el centro de la línea dorsal en la mitad anterior del cuerpo adquiriendo forma de media luna en la parte abdominal. Gymnotus chaviro es un miembro del grupo de especies de G.carapo, con quien comparte la presencia de dos poros en la porción dorso lateral del preopérculo, bandas con pigmentos obscuros con márgenes ondulados que se parten y/o pierden el contraste con el color de fondo a medida que crece, aleta anal obscura con un claro parche de un pigmento obscuro en borde caudal y más de cuatro dientes en forma de punta de flecha (anteroposteriormente comprimidos) en la porción anterior del dentario. Gym...

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DNA barcoding analysis of Gymnotus species in two Neotropical river basins

Soria

Fabrin

Diamante

et al. 2018

Internat Rev Hydrobiol

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least 15 OTUs were determined, eight of which belonged to the carapo complex. Our results indicate the existence of at least four Gymnotus species belonging to the carapo clade in the upper Paraná River basin and possibly erroneous previous identifications. Besides that, we identified a possible new species of Gymnotus in the Rio Doce basin. The Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) molecular delimitation approaches place other specimens found in the upper Paraná River and Guaíba River (Gymnotus sp.) in well-established groups that should be considered in studies involving the carapo complex. K E Y W O R D S

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Phylogeny, biogeography, and electric signal evolution of Neotropical knifefishes of the genus Gymnotus (Osteichthyes: Gymnotidae)

Cited by 77 publications

References 103 publications

First record of Gymnotus henni (Albert, Crampton and Maldonado, 2003) in Panama: phylogenetic position and electric signal characterization

First record of Gymnotus henni (Albert, Crampton and Maldonado, 2003) in Panama: phylogenetic position and electric signal characterization

A new species of Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from the Fitzcarrald Arch of southeastern Peru

DNA barcoding analysis of Gymnotus species in two Neotropical river basins

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