Phylogeny of docks and sorrels (<i>Rumex</i>, Polygonaceae) reveals plasticity of reproductive systems

Grant, Kirstie D.; Koenemann, Daniel M.; Mansaray, Janet; Ahmed, Aisha; Khamar, Hamid; Oualidi, Jalal El; Burke, Janelle M.

doi:10.1101/2020.09.11.293118

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

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“…Most important is the lack of materials for molecular genetic studies used to appropriately hierarchize the species. There are a small number of studies attempting to systematize plants of the family Polygonagea , the Rumex genus in particular, by comparing rather conservative regions of the chloroplast genome (such as trnH - psbA , rbcL , and trnL - F ) or fragments of the nuclear genome ( nrITS ) [ 31 , 32 ]. However, the taxonomy of the Polygonaceae Juss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Plants of Some Rumex Species (Polygonaceae)

et al. 2022

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Today, more than ever, the search for non-trivial sources of biologically active substances is critical. Plants of the genus Rumex are noteworthy. Plants of this genus stand out for a number of advantages from the dominant plant core of meadow phytocenoses of the temperate climatic zone: a short growing season, an intensive increase in biomass, and undemanding growth conditions. In addition, this plant genus is known as a super-producer of secondary phenolic compounds. The wide distribution and intensive synthesis of biologically active substances make plants from the genus Rumex a promising object for study. Seven species of the genus Rumex (R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. confertus, R. crispus, R. maritimus, R. obtusifolius, and R. sanguineus) were analyzed. Plants were collected under relatively uniform growing conditions. For subsequent extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds, as well as antioxidant activity, plants leaves were used. R. acetosella, R. crispus, R. maritimus, R. obtusifolius, and R. sanguineus were characterized by a high total content of phenolic compounds (111–131 mg g–1). The maximum content of flavonoids was found in the leaves of R. maritimus and R. acetosella. At the same time, according to high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis, derivatives of flavones (apigenin and luteolin) predominated in the leaves of R. acetosella, while in other species, mainly derivatives of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol) were identified. Plants of R. acetosa, in comparison with other studied species, were characterized by a lower content of the studied groups of phenolic compounds, with the exception of hydroxycinnamic acids, the content of which in this species was comparable to the content of flavonoids. The maximum content of catechins was found in R. sanguineus; proanthocyanidins—in R. sanguineus, R. obtusifolius, and R. crispus; and tannins—in R. obtusifolius. Extracts from R. crispus were characterized by high antioxidant activity, measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In addition, the assessment of the phenolic profile of the plant made it possible to group the plants within the framework of cluster analysis. The distribution pattern in the clusters corresponded to the generally accepted taxonomy, with a characteristic division into subgenera (Acetosa, Acetosella, and Rumex). Thus, the phenolic profile can be considered as an additional instrumental approach when drawing up a systematic hierarchy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Plants of Some Rumex Species (Polygonaceae)

et al. 2022

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Phylogeny of docks and sorrels (Rumex, Polygonaceae) reveals plasticity of reproductive systems

Grant

Koenemann²,

Mansaray

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The genus Rumex is a unique member of the Polygonaceae (Buckwheat) family of plants. A source of intrigue for Rumex lies in the diversity of the reproductive systems associated with the subgenera, species, and subspecies within this genus. Four previously circumscribed subgenera, some 200 species, and a number of subspecies comprise the collective Rumex genus. These species exhibit monoecious, dioecious, synoecious (hermaphroditic), and polygamous reproductive systems. Moreover, some of the dioecious species contain sex chromosomes, a phenomenon that is very rare in angiosperms. Apart from the confirmed morphological and phytogeographical distinctions, two of the four described subgenera, Acetosa and Acetosella, are distinctive in their exhibited sex chromosome systems. For this study, we used three chloroplast markers, rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-F, and dense taxon sampling, to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny for Rumex.The reconstructed phylogeny for this work resolves six major clades and one large grade in Rumex. In addition, the species with known dioecious reproductive systems derived from unique sex chromosome systems are resolved in two different clades nested within “the dioecious clade”. These results suggest that the species with divergent sexual systems are more closely related to each other than to other species comprising the rest of the Rumex genus. Furthermore, some species with known synoecious reproductive systems are resolved in a single clade which is also nested within “the dioecious clade”. These results imply a possible reversal occurring over time which suggests the highly plastic nature of reproductive systems among Rumex species.

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Phylogeny of docks and sorrels (Rumex, Polygonaceae) reveals plasticity of reproductive systems

Cited by 2 publications

References 43 publications

Variability of Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Plants of Some Rumex Species (Polygonaceae)

Variability of Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Plants of Some Rumex Species (Polygonaceae)

Phylogeny of docks and sorrels (Rumex, Polygonaceae) reveals plasticity of reproductive systems

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