Physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer

Bergström, Anna; Terry, Paul; Lindblad, Per; Lichtenstein, Paul; Ahlbom, Anders; Feychting, Maria; Wolk, Alicja

doi:10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1162>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A slight majority of the cohort and case-control studies report no significant risk reduction [5,10,12,14,18,20,25,26,27,30], including the multicenter International Renal Cell Cancer Study of 1,732 cases and their matched controls [21]. In at least one study, this may have been due to inadequate power (62% reduction adjusted for age, P=0.06, 54% reduction when further adjusted for BMI, hypertension, smoking [18]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In at least one study, this may have been due to inadequate power (62% reduction adjusted for age, P=0.06, 54% reduction when further adjusted for BMI, hypertension, smoking [18]). One study actually reported a significant increase in risk with subjects who participated in hard leisure-time physical activity compared with less active subjects when adjusted for age, sex, smoking, BMI and hypertension (P=0.05 for trend) [5]. The case-control study by Chiu et al showed 60% lower odds for renal cell carcinoma in women when adjusted for hypertension, smoking, and possibly BMI [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been nine cohort studies [4,5,18,23–25,28,30,39] and ten case control studies [6,12,14,17,20,21–26,27,29] that have tested their association, of which five of the cohort [4,23,24,28,39] and four of the case-control studies [6,17,22,29] have reported significant reductions in kidney cancer with physical activity. In part, the lack of evidence for leisure-time physical activity may be due to limitations in the cohort designs and survey instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Risk of Incident Kidney Cancer from Walking and Running

Williams

2014

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose Test whether incident kidney cancer risk is associated with exercise energy expenditure (i.e., metabolic equivalents, 1 MET) when calculated from distance walked or run. Methods Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) from Cox proportional hazard analyses of self-reported physician-diagnosed incident kidney cancer vs. MET-hours/wk in 91,820 subjects recruited between 1991 and 1993 (7.7 yr follow-up of 42,833 subjects) and between 1998 and 1999 (6.4 yr follow-up of 33,053 subjects) as part of the National Runners' Health Study and between 1998 and 1999 as part of the National Walkers' Health Study (5.7 yr follow-up of 15,934 subjects). Results Fifty-two incident cancers were reported. Age- and sex-adjusted risk declined 1.9% per MET-hour/wk run or walked (HR: 0.981; 95%CI: 0.964 to 0.997, P=0.02). Compared to walking or running below guidelines levels (<7.5 MET-hours/wk), the risk for incident kidney cancer was 61% lower for meeting the guidelines (HR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.11 to 1.08, P=0.07 for 7.5 to 12.5 MET-hours/wk), 67% lower for exercising one to two-times the recommended level (HR: 0.33; 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.72, P=0.005 for 12.6 to 25.1 MET-hours/wk), and 76.3% lower for exercising ≥2-times the recommended level (HR: 0.24; 95%CI: 0.11 to 0.52, P=0.0005 for ≥25.2 MET-hours/wk). Incident kidney cancer risk also increased in association with baseline BMI (P=0.002), smoking (P=0.02), and hypertensive (P=0.007) and diabetes medication use (P=0.01), however, exercise-associated reductions in kidney cancer risk persisted for 12.6 to 25.1 MET-hours/wk (HR: 0.35, P=0.01), and ≥ 25.2 MET-hours/wk (HR: 0.29, P=0.004) vis-à-vis <7.5 MET-hours/wk when also adjusted for BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and pack-years smoked. Conclusion Running and walking may reduce incident kidney cancer risk independent of its other known risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Risk of Incident Kidney Cancer from Walking and Running

Williams

2014

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…The remaining 19 studies (Goodman et al , 1986; Paffenbarger et al , 1987; Brownson et al , 1991; Mellemgaard et al , 1995; Bergstrom et al , 1999, 2001; Mahabir et al , 2004; Nicodemus et al , 2004; van Dijk et al , 2004; Washio et al , 2005; Chiu et al , 2006; Setiawan et al , 2007; Tavani et al , 2007; Hu et al , 2008; Moore et al , 2008; Thompson et al , 2008; Yun et al , 2008; Spyridopoulos et al , 2009; Parent et al , 2011) were included in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between physical activity and renal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Behrens¹,

Leitzmann²

2013

Br J Cancer

113

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Background:Physical activity may decrease renal cancer risk by reducing obesity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and lipid peroxidation. Despite plausible biologic mechanisms linking increased physical activity to decreased risk for renal cancer, few epidemiologic studies have been able to report a clear inverse association between physical activity and renal cancer, and no meta-analysis is available on the topic.Methods:We searched the literature using PubMed and Web of Knowledge to identify published non-ecologic epidemiologic studies quantifying the relationship between physical activity and renal cancer risk in individuals without a cancer history. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, including information from 19 studies based on a total of 2 327 322 subjects and 10 756 cases. The methodologic quality of the studies was examined using a comprehensive scoring system.Results:Comparing high vs low levels of physical activity, we observed an inverse association between physical activity and renal cancer risk (summary relative risk (RR) from random-effects meta-analysis=0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.79–0.97). Summarising risk estimates from high-quality studies strengthened the inverse association between physical activity and renal cancer risk (RR=0.78; 95% CI=0.66–0.92). Effect modification by adiposity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking, gender, or geographic region was not observed.Conclusion:Our comprehensive meta-analysis provides strong support for an inverse relation of physical activity to renal cancer risk. Future high-quality studies are required to discern which specific types, intensities, frequencies, and durations of physical activity are needed for renal cancer risk reduction.

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“…Data from most recent cohort studies suggest an inverse association between renal cell cancer risk and leisure time and/or occupational activity levels,36,43,52,89,90 although two large record-linkage studies from Sweden reported either no association91 or an increased risk with long-term employment in sedentary jobs only among men, but not among women 92. A dose-response trend of further reduction in risk with increasing levels of activity or energy expenditure was reported in some studies 43,89,90.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Epidemiology of Renal Cell Cancer

2008

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We analyzed renal cell cancer incidence patterns in the United States and reviewed recent epidemiologic evidence with regard to environmental and host genetic determinants of renal cell cancer risk. Renal cell cancer incidence rates continued to rise among all racial/ethnic groups in the United States, across all age groups, and for all tumor sizes, with the most rapid increases for localized stage disease and small tumors. Recent cohort studies confirmed the association of smoking, excess body weight, and hypertension with an elevated risk of renal cell cancer, and suggested that these factors can be modified to reduce the risk. There is increasing evidence for an inverse association between renal cell cancer risk and physical activity and moderate intake of alcohol. Occupational exposure to TCE has been positively associated with renal cell cancer risk in several recent studies, but its link with somatic mutations of the VHL gene has not been confirmed. Studies of genetic polymorphisms in relation to renal cell cancer risk have produced mixed results, but genome-wide association studies with larger sample size and a more comprehensive approach are underway. Few epidemiologic studies have evaluated risk factors by subtypes of renal cell cancer defined by somatic mutations and other tumor markers. Keywords renal cell cancer; incidence trends; cohort studies; smoking; obesity; hypertension; diet; occupation; genetic polymorphism; somatic mutation Malignant tumors of the kidney account for about 4% of cancer incidence and 2% of cancer mortality in the United States, with over 54,000 new cases and 13,000 deaths having been estimated for 2008. 1 More than 85% of kidney cancers arise in the renal parenchyma, with the remainder arising in the renal pelvis. 2 Renal pelvis cancer is mostly of the transitional cell type and is not the focus of this review. Nearly all cancers originating in the renal parenchyma are adenocarcinomas (renal cell carcinoma), in which clear cell is the predominant subtype. 3 The remainder is made up of the papillary type and other rare histologic types, such as collecting duct and chromophobe carcinomas. 3,4 Distinct morphologic and genetic characteristics have also been described for renal cell carcinoma in familial cancer syndromes. [5][6][7] Descriptive and analytic epidemiologic studies in general have not distinguished the subtypes of renal cell carcinoma, except for studies involving the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutation that is seen primarily in the clear cell type. 8 Since the clear cell type comprises 85% to 90% of renal cell carcinoma, 3 the epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma is strongly influenced by that of the clear cell type.* Correspondence: Wong-Ho Chow, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 8100, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7240, USA. choww@mail.nih.gov. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptCancer J. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 April 15. DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence patterns and temporal trendsIncidence rates of renal cell carcinoma h...

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Physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Reduced Risk of Incident Kidney Cancer from Walking and Running

Reduced Risk of Incident Kidney Cancer from Walking and Running

The association between physical activity and renal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Contemporary Epidemiology of Renal Cell Cancer

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