Physical and cyber security in a smart grid environment

Xie, Jing; Ştefanov, Alexandru; Liu, Chen‐Ching

doi:10.1002/wene.202

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, the importance of physical and cyber security of SGs has been highlighted by recent intrusion incidents around the world. Various types of sensors, instrumentation, information and communications technology (ICT), computational methodologies, and security controls have been developed to enhance the physical and cyber security of SG [59]. The tight coupling between the information and communication technologies and physical systems introduces new security concerns, requiring a rethinking of the commonly used objectives and methods.…”

Section: Cyber-physical Security Of Sgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…India is developing various SG initiatives, such as "National Smart Grid Mission", "Smart Grid Vision and Roadmap for India", "Nehru National Solar Mission", etc. in order to enhance reliability and performance of the grid and to support economical, technical, and social development [59]. During the last decade, the installation of RERs has grown at an annual rate of 25%.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of Smart Grid Technologies: An Overview

2019

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This paper presents an overview of smart grid (SG) technology features such as two-way communication, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) system, integration of renewable energy, advanced storage techniques, real time operation and control, data management and processing, physical and cyber security, and self-healing, etc. The SG technology allows twoway communications for better reliability, control, efficiency and economics of the power system. With these new SG technologies, consumers have many energy choices, such as use of renewable energy, usage management, flexible rates, electric vehicles (EVs), etc. The requirement of these technologies is the real time operation, and the SG accommodates this realtime operation and control. SG technology allows distributed generation through demand response and energy efficiency technologies to shed the load demand. However, it’s very difficult to adopt these changes to the conventional grids. Utility companies, governments, independent system operators (ISOs) and energy regulatory commissions need to agree on the scope and time frame of these changes.

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Section: Cyber-physical Security Of Sgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Smart Grid Technologies: An Overview

2019

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“…This makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks. As a matter of fact, such incidents have already occurred (Xie et al, 2016). In addition, there are concerns over the privacy of consumers as smart grids constantly collect data to enhance the efficiency of energy supply (He et al, 2016).…”

Section: Our Case Study: the Acquisition Of A 35% Participation In CDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations, security threats and geopolitical implications of Chinese investment in the EU energy sector: the case of CDP Reti

Otero‐Iglesias¹,

Weissenegger

2019

European Journal of International Relations

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The recent surge in Chinese outbound foreign direct investment in Europe has been met with anxiety often invoking national security concerns. Using the national security framework developed by Moran and Oldenski, we try to ascertain which transactions justify apprehension. Our case study is the acquisition by a subsidiary of wholly state-owned State Grid Corporation of China of a 35% stake in CDP Reti S.p.A. (CDP Reti) that controls Italy’s electricity grid via its subsidiary Terna S.p.A. Although State Grid Corporation of China can nominate two members of CDP Reti’s board of directors, we find that there is no direct threat to national security. We then tackle the geopolitical dimension of investments in electricity grids. Using the ‘thought experiment’ developed by Scholten and Bosman, the contribution we make is that, in a world where the importance of renewable energy increases, a framing power rather than control over the strategic development of a country’s grid is sufficient to exert geopolitical power. Since State Grid Corporation of China’s exponents on CDP Reti’s board can at least partly influence the company’s investment decisions, we conclude that the transaction grants China geopolitical influence over Italy’s grid. Furthermore, in the future this type of geopolitical influence could also lead to indirect security concerns. The interconnection of European electricity flows extends this conclusion to the EU’s electricity grid as a whole.

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“…For example, smart meters were developed to cope with the development of smart energy systems e.g., smart grid; however, many consumers and service providers have shown concerns about their information security. In the smart grid systems, the most vulnerable part is the transmission part, in which meters are easily vulnerable to hackers’ attacks . Also, there seems to be a low level of awareness of the resulting impact of the cyber threats .…”

Section: Dimensions and Parameters Of Energy Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions and dimensions of energy security: a literature review

Azzuni

Breyer

2017

WIREs Energy & Environment

125

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This paper sheds light on an integral aspect of the global energy system: energy security. Energy security is a universal topic that shapes policies and regulations in order to achieve higher levels of energy security and thus provides societies with a better life. Understanding the concept and its implications requires a holistic definition, but current research literature lacks a commonly accepted, precisely defined definition. Therefore, the research gap is the absence of a comprehensive definition that takes into account all energy security dimensions, and the absence of well-studied relationships between energy security and its dimensions. Taking that in mind, the gap is addressed by a systematic review of energy security definitions and by building a structural dimensionalization of energy security. Thus, this review aims to track changing definitions of energy security in modern times and formulate a concise and comprehensive definition. Furthermore, using a structural approach, 15 dimensions, and related parameters of energy security are determined and categorized to illustrate the range of issues covered by the term and to enable precise evaluation of the energy security of energy systems. The results of this review show clearly how energy security could be defined generically to account all dimensions, and show the relationships between these 15 dimensions and energy security. Understanding all dimensions of energy security provides insights for policymakers to formulate policies that account for all of these dimensions.

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Physical and cyber security in a smart grid environment

Cited by 21 publications

References 93 publications

Features of Smart Grid Technologies: An Overview

Features of Smart Grid Technologies: An Overview

Motivations, security threats and geopolitical implications of Chinese investment in the EU energy sector: the case of CDP Reti

Definitions and dimensions of energy security: a literature review

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