Physical characteristics of children as related to death and injury for consumer product safety design

Snyder, Rita

doi:10.1016/0003-6870(76)90178-2

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…These were then compared to empirical estimates for fastperson and slowperson users, which were represented by the 10th and 90th percentile times from the data. For sample sizes smaller than 20, it is appropriate to use 10th and 90th, as more extreme percentiles such as 5th and 95th, represent the sample range and are likely to be affected by outlying values, therefore producing inaccuracies (Snyder et al 1975, Lee 1986, Walter 1986). The predicted and empirical task times were compared, and the precision (percentage difference between predicted and empirical) was calculated for each task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the hare and the tortoise: predicting the range of in-vehicle task times using critical path analysis

Harvey

Stanton

2012

Ergonomics

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the hare and the tortoise: predicting the range of in-vehicle task times using critical path analysis

Harvey

Stanton

2012

Ergonomics

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“…ARS head mass was 2 kg, which is in the range of a 1 to 6 month old 12 13. We recognise that 2 kg is on the higher end of the range of the head masses, but this simulates the potential worst case scenario where exogenous forces (wedging, crib-sharing partner or other objects) push the face into the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Carbon dioxide rebreathing induced by crib bumpers and mesh liners using an infant manikin

Maltese

Leshner²

2019

bmjpo

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ObjectivesQuantify impaired respiration in currently marketed crib bumpers (CBs), mesh liners (MLs) and alternative products (ALTs) used to attenuate the interaction between the baby and the crib sides and elucidate the relationship between impaired respiration and permeability.MethodsWe experimentally quantified carbon dioxide rebreathing (CO2RB) via an infant manikin and air permeability via previously published test protocols, in commercially available CBs, MLs and ALTs.ResultsDifferences in CO2RB in ML (median [m]=8.2%, 25th percentile [P25]=6.8, 75th percentile [P75]=8.6), ALT (m=10.5%, P25=9.8, P75=10.7) and CB (m=11.6%, P25=10.2, P75=14.3) were significant (p<0.0001). For comparison, manikin tests with a pacifier yielded CO2RB of 5.6%–5.9%, blanket draped over the face/torso yielded CO2RB of 7.7%–8.6% and stuffed animal in various positions yielded CO2RB from 6.1% to 16.1%. Differences in permeability between ML (m=529.5 cubic feet per minute [CFM], P25=460, P75=747.5), ALT (m=29.0 CFM, P25=27.7, P75=37.7) and CB (m=46.6 CFM, P25=30.1, P75=58.7) groups were significant (p<0.0001). CO2RB was poorly correlated with air permeability (max R2=0.36). In a subset of tests, CB CO2RB increased by 50%–80% with increasing penetration force, whereas the ML CO2RB was nominally unchanged.ConclusionsGovernment agencies and standards organisations are presently considering regulation of bedding including CBs. As paediatricians are consulted in the development of such regulations, our findings that permeability by itself was a poor predictor of CO2RB should be considered.

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“…Using anthropometric data, the center of gravity and height of an average 3-year-old is estimated to be 0.754 and 0.930 m from the ground, respectively [19]. The robot base was extended to achieve a higher stability as the child stands on the robot and the center of mass is higher.…”

Section: Extension Of the Robot Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a novel mobility device controlled by the feet motion of a standing child: a feasibility study

Schoepflin

Chen

Ragonesi

et al. 2011

Med Biol Eng Comput

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Self-generated mobility is a major contributor to the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development of infants and toddlers. When young children have disorders that hinder self locomotion, their development is at risk for delay. Independent mobility via traditional power mobility devices may prevent this delay, but do little to encourage the child's development of gross motor skills. This research aims to develop a bio-driven mobile-assistive device that is controlled and driven by moving the feet, which may encourage the development of gross motor skills. In this study, system feasibility is shown by experiments on five typically developing toddlers and one special needs toddler with spastic cerebral palsy. Children were placed in the bio-driven device and instructed to navigate through a maze. All subjects were able to successfully complete the maze in multiple trials. In addition, two toddlers showed evidence of improved driving skill by completing the maze in shorter times in successive trials on a given testing day. The results suggest that such a device is feasible for purposeful driving. Recommendations are given for the device and protocol redesign for related future testing.

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Physical characteristics of children as related to death and injury for consumer product safety design

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Modelling the hare and the tortoise: predicting the range of in-vehicle task times using critical path analysis

Modelling the hare and the tortoise: predicting the range of in-vehicle task times using critical path analysis

Carbon dioxide rebreathing induced by crib bumpers and mesh liners using an infant manikin

Design of a novel mobility device controlled by the feet motion of a standing child: a feasibility study

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