This study explored relationships among feminist identity, gender traits, and symptoms of disturbed eating. Seventy-one college women completed the following: weight-related questions, Feminist Identity Development Scale, Personal Attributes Questionnaire, Figure Rating Scale, and Eating Disorders inventory. Identification with feminist values negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction, bulimic symptoms, and feelings of ineffectiveness. Identification with stereotypical masculine traits was inversely related to perfectionist tendencies and feelings of ineffectiveness, but was unrelated to body concerns. These results suggest factors promoting body dissatisfaction and disturbed eating may have less impact on college women identifying with feminist values, such as commitment to nonsexist roles and personal empowerment.
A categorization model was proposed to account for the effects of direct, indirect, and no comparison advertising on aspects of new brand evaluation. Direct comparisons were hypothesized to promote exemplar‐based processing, and indirect comparisons were hypothesized to promote prototype‐based processing. Evaluation of attributes of the new brand were hypothesized to depend on the type of processing promoted by the comparative ads. Subjects used comparative response scales to evaluate attributes of the new brands relative to a leading brand or “other brands.” Results supported the utility of developing a more formal categorization model. Indirect comparisons resulted in more favorable evaluation of the new brands relative to “other brands” than to the leading brand, whereas direct comparisons resulted in more favorable evaluation relative to both leading and “other brands.” Both kinds of comparative advertising were more effective than noncomparative advertising in promoting favorable evaluations. I concluded that the categorization model may be useful for accounting for effects of different types of comparative advertising, including association of the new brand with positive category attributes and differentiation of the new brand from competitors on evaluative dimensions.
Potential links between personal and sociocultural aspects of body-image concerns and sets of behavioral and emotional symptoms associated with eating disorders were explored within a self-discrepancy theory framework. It was predicted that actual:ideal body-image discrepancies from one's own standpoint would be related to symptoms reflecting feelings like dissatisfaction and actual:ought body-image discrepancies from a societal standpoint would be related to symptoms reflecting feelings like anxiety. The Bodies Questionnaire, Eating Disorder Inventory, and demographic information were completed by 196 undergraduate women volunteers. Results generally supported the predictions, although the effects were small. Perceived body-image discrepancies from sociocultural prescriptions for slimness and appearance are more closely associated with symptoms reflecting failures to achieve these standards than with symptoms reflecting efforts to attain them. In addition, the contribution of personal ideals to bulimic symptomatology and body dissatisfaction includes concerns about body attributes not associated with weight. Possible clinical applications are discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.