Physical Forms of Feed: Feed Processing and Feeder Design and Operation

Liptrap, D. O.; Hogberg, M. G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-409-90095-8.50027-0

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Meal patterns have been found to affect feed efficiency when diets containing crystalline amino acids are fed (Batterham and Bayley, 1989). However, for diets without crystalline amino acids, there is little evidence that meal patterns affect performance when similar amounts of feed are consumed (Liptrap and Hogberg, 1991).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet preference and meal patterns of weanling pigs offered diets containing either spray-dried porcine plasma or dried skim milk2

Ermer

Miller

Lewis

1994

Journal of Animal Science

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Preference tests and meal pattern analyses were conducted to examine the feed intake response of weanling pigs to spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP). In Exp. 1, 36 weanling pigs (mean +/- SD; 6.2 +/- .8 kg and 26 d of age) were allowed to choose between a SDPP diet (8.5% SDPP, 20% dried whey, 10% lactose, and .13% DL-methionine) and a dried skim milk (DSM) diet (20% each of DSM and dried whey) throughout 21 d postweaning. Twenty-eight pigs preferred the SDPP diet and seven pigs preferred the DSM diet. Preference for SDPP became apparent by d 2 (60% of total feed consumption) and increased (P < .01) to d 21 (71% of total feed consumption). Average daily feed consumption was 371 and 172 g for the SDPP and DSM diets, respectively (P < .01). The meal patterns of 16 weanling pigs (mean +/- SD; 7.2 +/- .3 kg and 26 d of age) offered either the SDPP or the DSM diet were examined in Exp. 2. On d 3, 7, and 14 postweaning, feeding behavior was observed continuously for 18 h (0600 to 2400). Time spent consuming feed and time between periods of feeding were recorded. Although the difference was not significant, pigs fed the SDPP diet consumed 27 and 6% (P = .38) more feed than pigs fed the DSM diet during the first 7 d and during the entire 21-d period, respectively. This difference was reflected in increased (P < .05) rate of feed consumption on d 3 and 7. Diet had no effect (P > .10) on meal size, the number of meals, or the percentage of time spent consuming feed. Weanling pigs prefer diets containing SDPP to those containing DSM, and the increased consumption of diets containing SDPP may be due to greater palatability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet preference and meal patterns of weanling pigs offered diets containing either spray-dried porcine plasma or dried skim milk2

Ermer

Miller

Lewis

1994

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The simplest method of evaluating pig performance is by monitoring the weight gain in reference to the amount of feed consumed per day . Feed cost accounts for more than 55% of the total cost of producing a market pig, with approximately 75 to 80% of the total feed consumed during the growing-finishing period (Cline and Richert, 2001;Liptrap and Hogberg, 1991). Consequently, it is important to explore methods to improve feed efficiency, aiming towards maximizing nutritional and economic value of nutrients available (Cline and Richert, 2001).…”

Section: Feed Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before consumption and distribution, most feedstuffs are processed in some form (Liptrap and Hogberg, 1991). A central focus in feed processing is to enhance nutrient utilization of feedstuffs and to improve feed handling (Perry et al, 1999).…”

Section: Feed Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A central focus in feed processing is to enhance nutrient utilization of feedstuffs and to improve feed handling (Perry et al, 1999). Through appropriate processing techniques, rewarding results have been observed in the feed industry such as improved digestibility of nutrients, bioavailability, diet palatability, reduced anitinutritional factors, and better feed handling (Cline and Richert, 2001;Liptrap and Hogberg, 1991;. Most grains are mechanically processed before being incorporated in the diets.…”

Section: Feed Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most grains are mechanically processed before being incorporated in the diets. Normally, a hammer mill is used to grind grains reducing the particle size and increasing surface area, which enhances microbial activities in the alimentary tract of the pig (Liptrap and Hogberg, 1991;McAllister et al, 1994). As the particle size decreases, the surface area linearly increases (Liptrap and Hogberg, 1991).…”

Section: Feed Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of feeding Iowa-grown field peas on finishing pig performance

Njoka

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The objective of this study was to investigate an alternative feedstuff, Iowa-grown field peas, for finishing pigs. Field peas (winter, spring, and summer types) grown in southeast Iowa during 2005 and 2006 were sampled and analyzed for nutrient content. Overall, the peas averaged 86% DM, 2.8% ether extract, 5.7% crude fiber, 3% ash, 19.3% CP, 1.54% lysine, 0.20% methionine, 0.18% tryptophan, and 0.74% threonine. Finishing pigs, barrows (n = 64), were randomly assigned to 16 pens with four pigs each. There were four replications per treatment group. Each pen was assigned one of the four diets. The four diets were: 1) winter pea 30% of the total diet (by weight), 2) summer pea 30%, 3) spring pea 30%, and 4) corn-soybean meal as the control. The three pea diets contained corn but no soybean meal. Each of the four diets had 0.64% lysine based on calculated analysis.

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The effect of expander processing and pelleting on the nutritive value of feed for growing and finishing pigs

O’Doherty

McGlynn

Murphy

2000

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and/or expander processing on the nutritive value of feed when fed to growing and finishing pigs. Experiment 1 determined the effects of pelleting and/or expander processing on the apparent nutrient digestibility of the diets. In experiment 2, productive performance and carcass characteristics were determined in group‐fed pigs (n = 312) offered identical diets in raw pellet form (T1), expander‐processed pellet form (T2), raw meal form (T3) and expander‐processed meal form (T4). The expanded diets were expander processed at 105 °C for 5 s at 35 bar pressure. The pellet diets were steam pelleted at 85 °C into 3.0 mm pellets. Pelleting of the diets increased organic matter (P < 0.05), protein (P < 0.01), energy (P < 0.01) and ash (P < 0.01) digestibility as well as the digestible energy (DE) content of the diets (P < 0.01). Expander processing had no effect on the organic matter, protein and energy digestibility of the diets. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between pelleting of the diet and expander processing in DE content of the diets. Expansion had no effect on the DE content of the pelleted diets; however, expansion increased the DE content of the meal diets (P < 0.05). In experiment 2 there was a significant interaction between the physical form of the diet and expansion in feed intake during the grower and finisher period (P < 0.01). Expander processing had no effect on feed intake in the pelleted diets; however, expansion decreased feed intake of the meal diets (P < 0.001). Both pelleting and expansion of the diets decreased growth rate during the grower and finisher period (P < 0.05). Pelleting of the diets improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower and finisher period (P < 0.05), while expander processing had no effect on FCR. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

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Physical Forms of Feed: Feed Processing and Feeder Design and Operation

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Diet preference and meal patterns of weanling pigs offered diets containing either spray-dried porcine plasma or dried skim milk2

Diet preference and meal patterns of weanling pigs offered diets containing either spray-dried porcine plasma or dried skim milk2

Effects of feeding Iowa-grown field peas on finishing pig performance

The effect of expander processing and pelleting on the nutritive value of feed for growing and finishing pigs

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