Physical Properties and Chemical Content of Canine Femoral Cortical Bone in Nutritional Osteopenia its Reversibility and the Effect of Fluoride

Romanus, B.

doi:10.3109/ort.1974.45.suppl-155.01

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Some data have already been reported for canine femurs. An average value of 17 GPa was obtained from tensile, bending and compressive tests (Behrens et al, 2006;Romanus, 1974). Our experiments gave a mean effective modulus of 15.6 GPa, in good agreement with other reports in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The most relevant parameter for characterising first order mechanical properties is the longitudinal elastic modulus or Young's modulus. In the case of canine bones, interesting studies have reported the properties of cancellous and cortical bone but without clearly distinguishing their macroscopic morphological characteristics (Behrens et al, 2006;Boutros et al, 2000;Kenner et al, 1979;Romanus, 1974;Vahey et al, 1987). Given the range of canine morphology, there is no evidence that the diaphyseal femoral cortices of dogs of different size and shape exhibit similar mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective mechanical properties of diaphyseal cortical bone in the canine femur

Autefage

Palierne

Charron

et al. 2012

The Veterinary Journal

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The effective elastic modulus, yield strength, yield strain, ultimate strength, ultimate strain, strain energy density at yield and strain energy density at ultimate failure of femoral diaphyseal cortical bone were investigated on canine femurs. Four femurs representative of the canine population were selected from four statistically-determined clusters based on increasing size and weight comprising the Toy poodle (5 kg), Poodle (12 kg), German shorthaired pointer (25 kg) and Doberman (50 kg). The zones of interest were the lateral, medial, cranial, and caudal quadrants of the mid-diaphysis. Effective mechanical properties were measured using quasi-static three-point bending tests on strips. The averages ± SD were 15.6 ± 2.6 GPa for effective elastic modulus, 174.3 ± 32.1 MPa for yield strength, 0.012 ± 0.003 for yield strain, 251.0 ± 49.1 MPa for ultimate strength, 0.021 ± 0.005 for ultimate strain, 10.7 ± 4.0J m(-3) × 10(5) for strain energy density at Yield and 33.0 ± 14.1 Jm(-3)× 10(5) for strain energy density at ultimate failure. Significant differences were found between dogs and the effective elastic modulus increased with breed weight and size (13.9 GPa for the Toy poodle to 17.2 GPa for the Doberman). The ultimate strength σ(u) and strain energy density at ultimate failure U(u) were significantly lower in the Toy poodle than in the Poodle and German shorthaired pointer indicating that the cortical bone material in the Toy poodle differed from that of the other dogs. Examination of the zones of interest revealed that the cranial quadrant showed the greatest stiffness, whereas strength was highest at the medial site. The caudal cortex was less stiff and strong than the cranial cortex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective mechanical properties of diaphyseal cortical bone in the canine femur

Autefage

Palierne

Charron

et al. 2012

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Comparison of femoral quadrants within the control and experimental groups was important in this study since the mechanical properties of the quadrants themselves differed significantly around the circumference of the femur (1,18). Therefore, isolation of these areas of variability ensured that quadrant variability did not mask any minor effects of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intermittent administration of pamidronate on the mechanical properties of canine cortical and trabecular bone

Acito¹,

Kasra

Lee³

et al. 1994

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The mechanical properties of cortical and trabecular bones from beagles treated with the bisphosphonate pamidronate (administered intermittently 1 week every month for 3 months, at a dosage of 0.45 mumol/kg/day) were assessed. The mechanical properties of cortical bone were measured by four-point bending tests on femoral quadrants, in order to measure their elastic modulus and ultimate stress. The structural properties of whole tibias were measured in torsion to determine the torsional stiffness and failure torque. The elastic modulus and maximum compressive stress of the trabecular bone samples were measured by compression tests of trabecular cores. Intermittent treatment with pamidronate did not change the pattern of mechanical properties that occurs naturally around the femur or the torsional stiffness and failure torque of the tibias. By contrast, pamidronate did significantly increase the modulus of elasticity (by 19%) and maximum compressive stress (by 33%) of vertically aligned cylindrical trabecular specimens taken from the vertebrae of the beagles.

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“…While low doses of fluoride cause no decrease (Saville, 1967;Henrikson et al, 1970;Romanus, 1974;Sharma et al, 1977) and may even increase bone strength in animals (Rich and Feist, 1970;Turner et al, 1992), several studies have shown a decrease in bone strength at high doses of fluoride (Beary, 1969;Faccini, 1969;Wolinski et al, 1972;Turner et al, 1992). When the fluoride content in the bone mineral of rats reached 10,000 parts per million (ppm), bone strength was decreased by about 13% with normal calcium intake (Turner et al, 1992) or by as much as 45% when fluoride intake was associated with calcium deficiency (Beary, 1969;Riggins et al, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength in Older Rats

et al. 1995

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In response to recent concerns about the effect of water fluoridation on hip fracture rates, we studied the influence of fluoride intake on bone strength. Four groups of rats were fed a low-fluoride diet ad libitum and received 0, 5, 15, or 50 ppm of fluoride in their drinking water. Animals were euthanized after 3, 6, 12, or 18 months of treatment. Mechanical strength of the right femur was measured by three-point bending. Fluoride content for the left femur was measured, and static histomorphometric measurements were made on a lumbar vertebra. Femoral failure load was not significantly decreased in rats treated for 3 and 6 months, but was decreased as much as 23% in rats treated 12 and 18 months at 50 ppm fluoride. Extrapolation from regression equations predicted that older rats lose 36% of femoral bone strength when bone fluoride content is increased from 0 to 10,000 ppm, while younger rats will lose only 15%. Thus, the decreased strength appeared to be due to the combined effects of fluoride intake and age on bone tissue and was not associated with a decrease in bone density or mineralization defects. There were only small effects of fluoride on bone histomorphometry. Fluoride intake at high levels had no negative effects on bone mineralization. Fluoride intake was associated with slight increases in trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness, but these effects could not be demonstrated consistently. The mechanism by which large amounts of fluoride affect bone strength more severely in older animals is unknown.

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Physical Properties and Chemical Content of Canine Femoral Cortical Bone in Nutritional Osteopenia its Reversibility and the Effect of Fluoride

Cited by 8 publications

References 90 publications

Effective mechanical properties of diaphyseal cortical bone in the canine femur

Effective mechanical properties of diaphyseal cortical bone in the canine femur

Effects of intermittent administration of pamidronate on the mechanical properties of canine cortical and trabecular bone

Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength in Older Rats

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