Physical properties of low-lying agricultural peat soils in England

Kechavarzi, Cédric; Dawson, Q.; Leeds‐Harrison, P. B.

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.018

Cited by 114 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Apparently CH 4 transport to the atmosphere was severely delayed except around soft rush tussocks at these two grazed pastures; soil porosity could be higher around tussocks due to reduced trampling, but CH 4 emissions at site N-PG proceeded during a period with standing water at these sampling points, which points to J. effusus as the main route of CH 4 transport. Kechavarzia et al (2010) characterized physical and hydraulic properties of drained fen peat soils used by agriculture, and they found that both horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity was strongly reduced in the amorphous peat at 0-15 cm depth, which also had a lower porosity and drained more slowly than less decomposed peat. The loss of peat structure is a possible cause of preferential gas exchange via aerenchymous plants, and it suggests that the role of soft rush in mediating CH 4 emissions from low-lying pastures on peat should be further investigated.…”

Section: Methane Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The use of organic soils by agriculture involves drainage and tillage, and the resulting increase in C and N turnover can significantly affect their greenhouse gas balance. This study estimated annual fluxes of CH 4 and N 2 O, and ecosystem respiration (R eco ), from eight organic soils managed by agriculture. The sites were located in three regions representing different landscape types and climatic conditions, and three land use categories were covered (arable crops, AR, grass in rotation, RG, and permanent grass, PG). The normal management at each site was followed, except that no N inputs occurred during the monitoring period from August 2008 to October 2009. The stratified sampling strategy further included six sampling points in three blocks at each site. Environmental variables (precipitation, PAR, air and soil temperature, soil moisture, groundwater level) were monitored continuously and during sampling campaigns, where also groundwater samples were taken for analysis. Gaseous fluxes were monitored on a three-weekly basis, giving 51, 49 and 38 field campaigns for land use categories AR, PG and RG, respectively. Climatic conditions in each region during monitoring were representative as compared to 20-yr averages. Peat layers were shallow, typically 0.5 to 1 m, and with a pH of 4 to 5. At six sites annual emissions of N 2 O were in the range 3 to 24 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 , but at two arable sites (spring barley, potato) net emissions of 38 and 61 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 were recorded. The two highemitting sites were characterized by fluctuating groundwater, low soil pH and elevated groundwater SO 2− 4 concentrations. Annual fluxes of CH 4 were generally small, as expected, ranging from 2 to 4 kg CH 4 ha −1 . However, two permanent grasslands had tussocks of Juncus effusus L. (soft rush) in sampling points that were consistent sources of CH 4 throughout the year. Emission factors for organic soils in rotation and with permanent grass, respectively, were estimated to be 0.011 and 0.47 g m −2 for CH 4 , and 2.5 and 0.5 g m −2 for N 2 O. This first documentation of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from managed organic soils in Denmark confirms the levels and wide ranges of emissions previously reported for the Nordic countries. However, the stratified experimental design also identified links between gaseous emissions and site-specific conditions with respect to soil, groundwater and vegetation which point to areas of future research that may account for part of the variability and hence lead to improved emission factors or models.

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Section: Methane Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

et al. 2012

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“…As noted previously we employ a uniform value of bulk density of 0.1 g/cm 3 for simplicity. A peat porosity value of 80% is taken as typical for the depth range from 0 to 100 cm following the study of Kechavarzi et al (2010). Figure 1a shows a 'wet peat' attenuation curve for 80% porosity with 80% water saturation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma ray attenuation in the soils of Northern Ireland, with special reference to peat

Beamish

2013

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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This study considers gamma ray attenuation in relation to the soils and bedrock of Northern Ireland using simple theory and data from a high resolution airborne survey. The bedrock is considered as a source of radiogenic material acting as parent to the soil. Attenuation in the near-surface is then controlled by water content in conjunction with the porosity and density of the soil cover. The Total Count radiometric data together with 1:250k mapping of the soils and bedrock of Northern Ireland are used to perform statistical analyses emphasising the nature of the low count behaviour. Estimations of the bedrock response characteristics are improved by excluding areas covered by low count soils (organic/humic). Equally, estimations of soil response characteristics are improved by excluding areas underlain by low count bedrock (basalt). When the spatial characteristics of the soilclassified data are examined in detail, the low values form spatially-coherent zones (natural clusters) that can potentially be interpreted as areas of increased water content for each soil type. As predicted by theory, the highest attenuation factors are associated with the three organic soil types studied here. Peat, in particular, is remarkably skewed to low count behaviour in its radiometric response. Two detailed studies of blanket bogs reveal the extent to which peat may be mapped by its radiometric response while the intra-peat variations in the observed response may indicate areas of thin cover together with areas of increased water content.

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“…After drainage, bog soils undergo an intensive humification process, leading to mineralization and physical and chemical transformations of organic matter, and thereby to changes in habitat fertility [25,26,[54][55][56][57][58]. In turn, rising groundwater level results in secondary bogginess which leads to the transformation of plant communities [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and habitat properties of Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sylvatica at their range margin in NW Poland

et al. 2016

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This paper presents the distribution dynamics, soil and phytocoenotical conditions of the occurrence of Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sylvatica at the margin of their range in NW Poland. Dynamic cartograms of these species were made on the basis of our field studies and available contemporary and historical records. The studies showed that the plants grow on organic hemic-muck soils, mucky soils and typical muckous soils. The occurrence of these two species on different types of soils proves that they are able to adapt easily to varying habitat conditions of post-bog areas. Populations of C. pulicaris and P. sylvatica were most frequently not numerous and occurred in small community patches. Analyzed phytocoenoses with C. pulicaris have been classified as the community of the alliance Caricion davallianae or the alliance Molinion. Phytocoenoses with P. sylvatica are represented by the association Nardo-Juncetum squarrosi and the community of the class MolinioArrhenatheretea. The distribution dynamics of these species shows that they are disappearing from some parts of this region, which proves the recessive trends. This process is more intensive for P. sylvatica, which should be included in the red list of Polish plants like C. pulicaris. The disappearance of the populations of both species has been caused by worsening habitat conditions (insufficient moisture, eutrophication), expansion of competitive plant species and land abandonment.

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Physical properties of low-lying agricultural peat soils in England

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

Annual emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Annual emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Gamma ray attenuation in the soils of Northern Ireland, with special reference to peat

Distribution and habitat properties of Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sylvatica at their range margin in NW Poland

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Physical properties of low-lying agricultural peat soils in England

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

Annual emissions of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Annual emissions of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Gamma ray attenuation in the soils of Northern Ireland, with special reference to peat

Distribution and habitat properties of Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sylvatica at their range margin in NW Poland

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Product

Resources

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Annual emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Annual emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture