“…The fermented water sourdough bread and common sourdough bread were prepared using the mature fermented water sourdough and mature common sourdough from Section 2.2 as a leavening agent. The recipe of sourdough bread, modified from Mohd Roby et al, (2020) [ 22 ], consisted of unbleached wheat flour (100%, Bread Flour, Thai Flour Mill Industry Co., Ltd., Samut Prakan, Thailand), distilled water (44%), sugar (15%, Lin Caster Sugar, Thai Roong Ruang Sugar Group, Bangkok, Thailand), salt (2.5%, Prung Thip Iodized Table Salt, Thai Refined Salt Co., Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand), butter (5%, Allowrie Pure Creamy Unsalted Butter, KCG Corporation Co., Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand) and mature sourdough (44%). All ingredients, with the exception of butter, were mixed and kneaded for 5 min by a dough kneading machine (model Bear HMJ-A50E2, Bear Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Shunde, Fosahn, China).…”