Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Novel, Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Compared to Powder–Liquid Bioceramic Sealer

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties, filling ability, and antibacterial activity of a premixed calcium silicate-based sealer to those of a powder–liquid bioceramic sealer. Ceraseal (CS) and BioRoot (BR) materials were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at 7 and 14 d of immersion in distilled water. The filling ability of the two sealers as well as the water contact angle, solubility, flow, roughness, crystalline microstructure, pH, and compressive strength were also evaluated. The antibacterial activity was assessed through an agar diffusion as well as through direct tests. All the results were statistically analyzed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance tests. Statistically significant lower void percentages were observed for CS at 2 and 8 mm from the working length (WL) compared to those for the BR group, whilst no significant difference was observed at 5 mm from the WL. BR sealer showed higher alkaline pH, rougher surface, lower water contact angle values, lower flowability, and higher solubility compared to CS. BR showed globular and needle-like crystalline microstructure, whilst CS had globular and flower-like crystalline microstructure up to 72 h. No statistical difference was found for the compressive strength between the two sealers. BR and CS showed no antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis after 3 h, whilst both sealers showed antibacterial capacity after 24 and 72 h. BR demonstrated higher antibacterial activity after 24 h. In conclusion, the use of bioceramic sealers may play an important role in controlling bacterial growth. Moreover, CS may have superior filling ability and lower solubility than the BioRoot sealer due to its specific chemical composition and mixing method.

The use of bioceramic root canal sealers for obturation of the root canal system: A review

“…BioRoot TM RCS (Colombo et al, 2018;Kharouf et al, 2020) and TotalFill BC sealer (Colombo et al, 2018) exhibited high alkaline pH (up to 11) at 24 hours, similar to the previous studies on EndoSequence BC Sealer, EndoSeal MTA and MTA Fillapex (Lee et al, 2017). High alkalinity of EndoSeal MTA (Lim et al, 2015) and CeraSeal Bioceramic root canal sealer (Kharouf et al, 2020) have also been reported.…”

“…This includes setting time, flowability, solubility, radiopacity, film thickness, and dimensional stability. Some studies on the physicochemical properties of bioceramic root canal sealers have been conducted according to these specifications (Vidotto et al, 2011;Borges et al, 2014;Camargo et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Poggio et al, 2017;Colombo et al, 2018;Khalil et al, 2019), although other researchers have used the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 6876 specifications (Gandolfi and Prati, 2010;de Miranda Candeiro et al, 2012;Vitti et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2013;Lim et al, 2015;Agarwal and Nikhil, 2016;Lee et al, 2017;Poggio et al, 2017;Tanomaru-Filho et al, 2017;Colombo et al, 2018;Mendes et al, 2018;Zordan-Bronzel et al, 2019;Kharouf et al, 2020). The ASTM standards C266-07 and C373-88 have also been used to evaluate the setting time and solubility respectively (Gandolfi and Prati, 2010).…”

“…However, BioRoot TM RCS and TotalFill BC sealer did not comply with the ANSI/ADA Specifications 57 and ISO specifications (Poggio et al, 2017;Colombo et al, 2018). Sealer Plus BC (Mendes et al, 2018) and CeraSeal Bioceramic root canal sealer (Kharouf et al, 2020) also did not fulfil the ISO specifications, whereby the solubility of these materials were higher than the recommended values. Although the solubility of the Endosequence BC Sealer fulfilled the ISO 6876 specifications, it approached close to the maximum value for solubility (Zhou et al, 2013).…”

“…High pH values is important for root canal sealers because the release of calcium ions not only stimulates hard tissue formation but also triggers antibacterial activity (Al-Haddad and Che Ab Aziz, 2016) as reported in the studies by (Colombo et al, 2018;Kharouf et al, 2020). BioRoot TM RCS (Colombo et al, 2018;Kharouf et al, 2020) and TotalFill BC sealer (Colombo et al, 2018) exhibited high alkaline pH (up to 11) at 24 hours, similar to the previous studies on EndoSequence BC Sealer, EndoSeal MTA and MTA Fillapex (Lee et al, 2017). High alkalinity of EndoSeal MTA (Lim et al, 2015) and CeraSeal Bioceramic root canal sealer (Kharouf et al, 2020) have also been reported.…”

Antibacterial and Bonding Properties of Universal Adhesive Dental Polymers Doped with Pyrogallol

“…The agar diffusion tests were performed as described in a previous study [ 32 ]. Three agar-filled Petri dishes containing 25 mL of BHI agar were used.…”