Physicochemical characterization of edible clays and release of trace elements

Kikouama, J.R. Odilon; Konan, Koffi Léon; Katty, A.; Bonnet, Jean-Pierre; Balde, L.; Yagoubi, Najet

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2008.07.031

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As indicated in the mineralogical analysis results, geophagic clays from the two provinces contain kaolinite, illite, mica, quartz and feldspars. These mineral assemblages have also been reported for enzootic geophagic clays from Ivory Coast, Guinea and Senegal (Kikouama et al, 2009;Mahaney et al, 1993). Japanese macaques feed on geophagic soils that are rich in plagioclase and orthoclase feldspars and halloysite (a kaolin mineral) (Mahaney et al, 1993).…”

Section: Mineral Contents and Genesis Of Geophagic Clayssupporting

confidence: 60%

Traditional mining and mineralogy of geophagic clays from Limpopo and Free State provinces, South Africa

Ekosse¹,

Jager²,

Ngole³

2010

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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This paper is based on responses to questionnaires administered to 226 representative geophagic adults in Limpopo (Polokwane and Sekhukhune) and Free State (Qwaqwa and Mangaung) Provinces in South Africa, and semi-quantitative mineral identification of 40 geophagic clay samples from the same areas. Geophagic clays consumed were whitish, yellowish, khaki and black; mined from hills and mountains, river beds, valleys, excavation sites and termitaria. Geophagic individuals from Free State preferred whitish geophagic clays; and sometimes khaki. Yellowish clays were preferred mostly by geophagic individuals from Limpopo. The clays are mined using selective digging, hand grabbing and picking techniques. The clays are processed through sieving, slurrying, grinding and pounding. Baking, burning and boiling are some beneficiation techniques used to render the clays more palatable and to reduce their microbial load. Mineral phases identified in the clay samples were quartz, kaolinite, mica, feldspar, smectite, goethite, calcite, and dolomite. The properties of kaolinite and smectite were found to have a dominant influence on the nature of geophagic clays and hence on the health of those who consumed the clays. Further details regarding the potential of geophagic clays to provide medicinal benefits to the consumer were examined in this study. Geophagic practice is very deep rooted, globally distributed, and has spanned over several centuries. Renewed interest and study by the scientific research community has continued to generate new knowledge on this somewhat enigmatic practice. Further efforts to address and regulate geophagic clay consumption should be strongly advocated.

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Section: Mineral Contents and Genesis Of Geophagic Clayssupporting

confidence: 60%

Traditional mining and mineralogy of geophagic clays from Limpopo and Free State provinces, South Africa

Ekosse¹,

Jager²,

Ngole³

2010

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…gastrointestinal protectors, mineral nutrients/supplements, etc. (Kikouama et al 2009;Carretero et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Nisin on Montmorillonite: A Concentration Strategy

Ibarguren

Audisio

Sham

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation

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The adsorption of a commercial form of nisin, Nisaplin® (Npl) (Danisco), on montmorillonite (Mt), a natural inexpensive clay mineral accepted as food additive, was assayed. The intention was to develop food grade materials capable of releasing the peptide and avoiding negative interactions that affect nisin antimicrobial activity in food environments. A set of different Mt‐Npl relation samples was prepared. The antimicrobial activity and the total organic carbon/total nitrogen (TOC/TN) content measured in nisin solutions after contact with the clay decreased as the amount of solid increased; thus, indicating the adsorption of the peptide on the support. Also, the Mt‐Npl solids presented inhibitory activity against Enterococcus faecium C1. Additionally, Fourier Transform‐Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance spectroscopy (FT‐IR‐ATR) analysis of the Mt‐Npl lyophilised systems showed that nisin was preferably adsorbed on Mt among Nisaplin® ingredients, suggesting a unique concentration and immobilization method for this antimicrobial peptide that could be applied in food preservation. Practical Applications Montmorillonite (Mt) is an inexpensive abundant natural clay characterized by a moderate cation exchange capacity with high surface area. Nisaplin® is a commercial form of nisin, a polypeptide bacteriocin active against several Gram‐positive food spoilage and pathogen microorganisms. The increasing demand for fresh and natural food favors the application of biopreservatives such as nisin. However, the interaction of these antimicrobials with other food components reduces their inhibitory effect when directly introduced into food systems. Thus, alternatives for the inclusion of active biomolecules in foods are necessary. Since Mt is a potential food additive, its use as a nisin immobilization agent provides a strategy to protect and optimize the gradual peptide liberation. This immobilization approach does not only offer a simple, rapid, and low cost method for the concentration of nisin, but also provides a feasible alternative procedure for the introduction of this antimicrobial peptide in food complex systems.

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“…1) or as clay/potable water dispersions; it can act as source of mineral micronutrients and as protective material against pathogens and toxins (detoxification of noxious or unpalatable compounds present in diet), or it can act as antacid for gastric acidity compensation (Wilson 2003;Abrahams 2005;Gomes et al 2009;Ferrell 2008;Kikouama et al 2009a;Kikouama and Baldé 2010;Young 2011).…”

Section: Edible Claymentioning

confidence: 97%

Healing and edible clays: a review of basic concepts, benefits and risks

Gomes

2017

Environ Geochem Health

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The use of clay by humans for medicinal and wellness purposes is most probably as old as mankind. Within minerals, due to its ubiquitous occurrence in nature and easy availability, clay was the first to be used and is still used worldwide. Healing clays have been traditionally used by man for therapeutic, nutritional and skin care purposes, but they could impart some important health and skin care risks. For instance, clay particles could adsorb and make available for elimination or excretion any potential toxic elements or toxins being ingested or produced, but they could adsorb and make available for incorporation, through ingestion or through dermal absorption, toxic elements, e.g. heavy metals. Edible clays, a particular case of healing clays, have been traditionally used by man for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. Geophagy, the deliberate soil eating, earth eating, clay eating and pica (medical condition or eating disorder shown by individuals addicted to eat earth substances), has been observed in all parts of the world since antiquity, reflecting cultural practice, religious belief and physiological needs, be they nutritional (dietary supplementation) or as a remedy for disease. This paper pretends to review historical data, basic concepts and functions, as well as benefits and risks of the use of healing clays, in general, for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes, and of edible clays, in particular, for therapeutic purposes.

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Physicochemical characterization of edible clays and release of trace elements

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Traditional mining and mineralogy of geophagic clays from Limpopo and Free State provinces, South Africa

Traditional mining and mineralogy of geophagic clays from Limpopo and Free State provinces, South Africa

Adsorption of Nisin on Montmorillonite: A Concentration Strategy

Healing and edible clays: a review of basic concepts, benefits and risks

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