Physicochemical studies of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil using enzyme‐assisted cold‐pressing

Abstract

The effects of enzyme-assisted cold-pressing (EACP) on the physicochemical attributes of Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil were investigated using five enzyme preparations: Protex 7L, Viscozyme L, Kemzyme, Feedzyme, and Natuzyme. The oil contents (28.4-32.8%) offered by the enzyme-treated hempseeds were found to be significantly (p ,0.05) higher than that determined for the control (26.7%). The protein, fiber, and ash contents of the seeds were unaffected by the enzyme treatment. There were no significant (p .0.05) variations observed for the values of iodine number, refractive index, density, unsaponifiable matter and fatty acid composition between the enzyme-extracted and control hempseed oils. The levels of saponification value, free fatty acids, iodine value and peroxide value were slightly varied between the oils tested. The color intensity of the enzyme-extracted oils was also higher than that of the control oil. A relatively higher level of tocopherols (724.4-788.8 mg/kg) was observed in the enzymeextracted oils compared to the control (691.2 mg/kg), showing an enhancement of ca. 4.8-14.1% in the total tocopherols. The Rancimat profiles and sensory scores of the enzyme-extracted oils were noted to be improved compared to the control. The results of the present analysis (with respect to the control) showed that the enzyme added during the hempseed cold-pressing resulted in considerably higher oil yields, without adversely affecting the quality of the oil.

Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review

“…The addition of specific enzymes like cellulase, a-amylase, and pectinase during extraction enhances recovery by breaking the cell wall and hydrolyzing the structural polysaccharides and lipid bodies (Rosenthal et al, 1996; Singh , 1999). There are two approaches for enzyme-assisted extraction: (1) enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction (EAAE) and (2) enzyme-assisted cold pressing (EACP) (Latif and Anwar, 2009). Usually, EAAE methods have been developed mainly for the extraction of oils from various seeds (Hanmoungjai et al, 2001;Rosenthal et al, 1996Rosenthal et al, , 2001Sharma et al, 2002).…”

Enzyme-aided cold pressing of flaxseed (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L.): Enhancement in yield, quality and phenolics of the oil

“…However, there are some oil product quality, process safety and environmental issues associated with this conventional SE process Latif and Anwar, 2009). During SE, the oil has to be exposed to an accelerated and drastic heat treatment which not only decreases the functional food quality of the oil extracted but can alter and reduce the nutritional value of the protein and essential amino acids in the oil seed residues obtained (Latif and Anwar, 2009;.…”

“…In this way, enzyme-assisted cold pressing and enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction have emerged as recent eco-friendly technological developments (Latif and Anwar, 2009;. The use of enzymes during oil seed extraction is reported to facilitate the degradation of seed cell walls thus improving the recovery (oil extraction yield) as well as the functional food and nutritive quality of the oil produced through this process (Ranalli et al, 2005;.…”

“…The major drawback in this process is that it offers low oil extraction yields which can be further increased through the application of selected enzymes. Enzymatic-assisted cold pressing (EACP) is considered to be an environmentally safe alternative, offering improved oil recovery and oil quality Latif and Anwar, 2009).…”

Novel Eco-Friendly Techniques for Extraction of Food Based Lipophilic Compounds from Biological Materials

“…Use of polar solvent like water is the main advantage of this method over all other advanced novel extraction methods. Enzyme-assisted extraction may performed by enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction (EAAE) or enzymeassisted cold pressing (EACP) [38]. Usually, EAAE methods have been developed mainly for the extraction of lipophilic compounds, i.e., Oils from various seeds as it has significant density difference in density of extraction compound and water [36,39,40].…”