Physics and Simulation of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Witzigmann, Bernd; Bäcker, Alexandra; Odermatt, Stefan

doi:10.1166/jctn.2008.2541

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…4 shows measured and simulated electroluminescence (EL) profiles of EP-VECSELs with different back contact disk diameters. The measured EL profiles are in very good agreement with our simulations [7,8]. Devices with bottom disk diameters up to 100 µm are favorable for TEM 00 beams.…”

Section: Experimental and Simulation Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…1 shows a schematic diagram of our EP-VECSEL chip and a simulation of the carrier transport in a selected device. An coupled electro-opto-thermal model using microscopic carrier transport equations was used [8]. In addition, a thermionic emission model addresses abrupt hetero-interfaces [7].…”

Section: Ep-vecsel Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The good confinement of the injected current into the center of the device is ensured by an optimized p-doped distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), a small bottom disk contact, and on top a thick current spreading layer (CSL) with a ring electrode. The low mobility of the holes in the p-DBR confines the carriers to the volume above the bottom disk contact and the high mobility of the electrons in the thick CSL allows their recombination in the center of the device [7,8]. A low reflective n-DBR between the Quantum Wells (QWs) and the CSL is introduced to enhance the gain of the structure and to reduce the cavity losses by decreasing the field strength in the doped top layers.…”

Section: Ep-vecsel Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrically-pumped VECSELs suitable for passive modelocking: Design, simulation and characterization in continuous wave

Barbarin

Pallmann

Hoffmann

et al. 2010

22nd IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference

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Section: Experimental and Simulation Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Ep-vecsel Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ep-vecsel Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrically-pumped VECSELs suitable for passive modelocking: Design, simulation and characterization in continuous wave

Barbarin

Pallmann

Hoffmann

et al. 2010

22nd IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference

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“…The modularity of the code allows the concise implementation of different physical models with high degrees of complexity. When coupled with an optical simulation, the tool also has the potential to investigate laser devices such as VCSELs [37]. Furthermore, the present model could serve as a fundament for full quantum simulations on a small but pivotal central part of the structure, thus facilitating the investigation of large nonplanar optoelectronic devices on a sound theoretical footing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Unified simulation of transport and luminescence in optoelectronic nanostructures

2008

Self Cite

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Computer simulation of microscopic transport and light emission in semiconductor nanostructures is often restricted to an isolated system of a single quantum well, wire or dot. In this work we report on the development of a simulator for devices with various kinds of nanostructures which exhibit quantization in different dimensionalities. Our approach is based upon the partition of the carrier densities within each quantization region into bound and unbound populations. A bound carrier is treated fully coherent in the directions of confinement, whereas it is assumed to be totally incoherent with a motion driven by classical drift and diffusion in the remaining directions. Coupling of the populations takes place through electrostatics and carrier capture. We illustrate the applicability of our approach with a wellwire structure.

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“…The confinement of the carriers in the active region was also simulated using a coupled electro-optothermal model [25,30]. The simulation tool used incorporates microscopic carrier transport equations [30] and a thermionic emission model addresses abrupt hetero-interfaces [25]. The measured and simulated EL profiles of the EP-VECSELs for different BDC diameters are compared in Figure 4.…”

Section: Current Confinmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in electrically pumped VECSELs for modelocking

Barbarin¹

2011

SPIE Proceedings

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Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) are excellent high power semiconductor lasers with diffraction-limited circular output beam and outstanding modelocking performance even at tens of GHz repetition rate. The output power can be scaled up by simply increasing the mode area on the gain region. It makes them very attractive for numerous applications such as RGB displays, biomedical imaging or optical clocking of multi-core processors. Passively modelocked optically-pumped VECSELs, using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), have generated shorter pulses and higher average powers than any other modelocked semiconductor laser (135-fs pulses at 35-mW average power and 2.1-W in 4.7-ps pulses). Electrical pumping (EP) of modelocked VECSELs is the obvious next step towards compact high-power ultrafast laser sources. In 2003, Novalux Corporation reported a continuous wave (cw) output power of nearly one Watt from their proprietary EP-VECSEL (NECSEL). The modelocking of a NECSEL has been demonstrated with 40 mW of average power in 57-ps pulses. Since then, very few EP-VECSEL results have been reported. Recently, we started to develop EP-VECSELs designed for modelocking, which require an optimized balance between electrical resistance, optical losses, dispersion and beam quality. We discuss our design approach and present initial EP-VECSEL devices generating >100-mW cw power. Homogeneous current injection is achieved even for large devices, showing very good agreement with our numerical simulations. Sufficient power in a diffraction-limited beam and a carefully designed SESAM are required to modelock an EP-VECSEL.

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Physics and Simulation of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Electrically-pumped VECSELs suitable for passive modelocking: Design, simulation and characterization in continuous wave

Electrically-pumped VECSELs suitable for passive modelocking: Design, simulation and characterization in continuous wave

Unified simulation of transport and luminescence in optoelectronic nanostructures

Recent advances in electrically pumped VECSELs for modelocking

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