Physiological and Biochemical Evaluation of Different Types of Recovery in National Level Paralympic Powerlifting

Abstract

Background: Recovery from training is vital as it ensures training and performance to continue at high intensities and longer durations to stimulate the body and cause further adaptations. Objective: To evaluate different methods of post-workout recovery in Paralympic powerlifting athletes. Methods: Twelve male athletes participated (25.4 ± 3.3 years; 70.3 ± 12.1 kg). The presence of muscle edema, pain threshold, plasma cytokines, and performance measurement were evaluated five times. The recovery methods used in this study were passive recovery (PR), dry needling (DN), and cold-water immersion (CWI). Results: The data analysis showed that the maximal force decreased compared to the pretest value at 15 min and 2 h. The results also revealed that CWI and DN increased Interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels from 24 to 48 h more than that from 2 h to 24 h. After DN, muscle thickness did not increase significantly in any of the muscles, and after 2 h, muscle thickness decreased significantly again in the major pectoralis muscle. After CWI, pain pressure stabilized after 15 min and increased significantly again after 2 h for acromial pectoralis. Conclusion: The strength training sessions generate several changes in metabolism and different recovery methods contribute differently to maintain homeostasis in Paralympic powerlifting athletes.

Effect of strength training on psychophysiological aspects in Paralympic powerlifting athletes: a pilot study

“…However, the assessment of the internal training load must be based on psychological and physiological indicators, as physiological mechanisms can mediate psychological responses in a training process [8,54]. In this study, we focused on evaluating the stress generated by training through psychological indicators owing to the practicality of the instruments; however, more sensitive physiological indicators have been used to control internal training load in PP, according to Fraga et al [17], creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase to control muscle damage in a training session, as well as dry needling and immersion in ice water as recovery techniques in PP [55]. Adverse psychological effects have been observed, as revealed in the state of mood, during a period of training in athletes of strength sport [10].…”

Evaluation of the Post-Training Hypotensor Effect in Paralympic and Conventional Powerlifting

“…Week 1 served for familiarization and the performance of the 1RM test, where each subject started the attempts with a weight they believed they could lift only once using maximum effort, and weight increments were added until reaching the maximum load that could be lifted all at once. If the practitioner could not perform a single repetition, 2.4% to 2.5% of the load used in the test was subtracted [ 16 , 28 ]. Subjects rested for 3–5 min between trials.…”

“…Powerlifting is characterized as a strength sport where the squat, bench press, and deadlift are performed [ 14 , 15 ], and through the adapted bench press in Paralympic powerlifting (PP) [ 16 ]. Studies have shown that powerlifting can be an alternative to prevent and/or control HBP [ 2 , 11 ]; however, to date, there has been no comparison between people with and without disabilities in the powerlifting bench press.…”

Can Post-Exercise Hemodynamic Response Be Influenced by Different Recovery Methods in Paraplegic Sportsmen?

“…On the other hand, the hemodynamic response may be affected when high-load resistance exercise is performed. Hemodynamics is a set of physiological responses related to the pumping of blood by the cardiovascular system, and includes blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow, among others [4,5].…”