Physiological and pathological aspects of GSH metabolism

Njålsson, Runa; Norgren, Svante

doi:10.1080/08035250410025285

Cited by 114 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…GSH helps protect cells from free radical damage by acting as an antioxidant [15]. GSH in plasma and lung tissues homogenates were measured by OxiSelect TM Total Glutathione Assay Kit (Cell Biolabs, USA) on the basis of manufacturer's instruction.…”

Section: Glutathione (Gsh) Measurement Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOD, an endogenous antioxidant enzyme, provides the first line of defense against ROS [19]. GSH is an intracellular antioxidant thiol, which is considered as the second line of cellular defense against ROS [15]. Hence, as the biomarker of the antioxidant defenses, the activity of SOD and GSH in plasma and lung tissues was measured ( Table 2 and Table 3).…”

Section: Activities Of Sod and Gsh In Plasma And Lung Tissues Of Macaquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

dteees

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Abstract. This study evaluated the influence of long-term simulated microgravity on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in the plasma and lung tissues of rhesus macaque (-10°C head-down tilting). Fifteen healthy male rhesus macaques were randomly divided into groups 1 (control, n=5), groups 2 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks, n=5) and groups 3 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks and recover from 4 weeks, n=5). Oxidative stress was evaluated by critical SOD, GSH, H 2 O 2 in plasma and SOD, GSH in lung tissues. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological structure changes of pulmonary tissues. CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, GPX4, GPX7, PRDX1, HMOX1, ALOX5 and DUOX1 mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. GSH concentration was significantly decreased, whereas H 2 O 2 level was significantly increased in group 2 compared with group 1 and group 3. Compared to group 1, histopathological examination revealed alveolar septal thickening, and alveolar and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration in group 2 and group 3 and the pathological changes in group 3 were smaller than those in group 2. Group 2 and group 3 showed significant up-regulation of SOD3 gene compared with group 1 by real-time PCR. In a long-term simulated microgravity environment, systemic antioxidant level of GSH was reduced but an oxidative stress marker of H 2 O 2 was increased. Meanwhile, long-term simulated microgravity caused lung injury and induced the mRNA of SOD3 expression in lung tissues. But oxidant stress is not a major factor involved in the development of lung damage under simulated microgravity. Further study still clarifies the mechanism about the lung injury under microgravity.

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Section: Glutathione (Gsh) Measurement Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Activities Of Sod and Gsh In Plasma And Lung Tissues Of Macaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

dteees

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GSH helps protect cells from free radical damage by acting as an antioxidant [17]. GSH in plasma and lung tissues homogenates were measured by OxiSelectTM Total Glutathione Assay Kit (Cell Biolabs, USA) on the basis of manufacturer's instruction.…”

Section: Glutathione (Gsh) Measurement Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Yang¹

2017

AJLM

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This study evaluated the influence of long-term simulated microgravity on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in the plasma and lung tissues of rhesus macaque (-10℃ head-down tilting). Fifteen healthy male rhesus macaques were randomly divided into groups 1 (control, n=5), groups 2 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks, n=5) and groups 3 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks and recover from 4 weeks, n=5). Oxidative stress was evaluated by critical SOD, GSH, H 2 O 2 in plasma and SOD, GSH in lung tissues. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological structure changes of pulmonary tissues. CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, GPX4, GPX7, PRDX1, HMOX1, ALOX5 and DUOX1 mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. GSH concentration was significantly decreased, whereas H 2 O 2 level was significantly increased in group 2 compared with group 1 and group 3. Compared to group 1, histopathological examination revealed alveolar septal thickening, and alveolar and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration in group 2 and group 3 and the pathological changes in group 3 were smaller than those in group 2. Group 2 and group 3 showed significant up-regulation of SOD3 gene compared with group 1 by real-time PCR. In a long-term simulated microgravity environment, systemic antioxidant level of GSH was reduced but an oxidative stress marker of H 2 O 2 was increased. Meanwhile, long-term simulated microgravity caused lung injury and induced the mRNA of SOD3 expression in lung tissues. But oxidant stress is not a major factor involved in the development of lung damage under simulated microgravity. Further study still clarifies the mechanism about the lung injury under microgravity.

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“…31 The Gamma-glutamyl cycle is a metabolic pathway for transporting amino acids into cells, 32 and for synthesis of an antioxidative tripeptide, reduced glutathione (GSH). 33 Hereditary defects in the gamma-glutamyl cycle lead to metabolic acidosis, 5-oxoprolinuria, hemolytic anemia and progressive neurological symptoms. 33,34 The investigation of the biological function and regulation of gamma-glutamyl cycle during fungal development, is, however, limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Hereditary defects in the gamma-glutamyl cycle lead to metabolic acidosis, 5-oxoprolinuria, hemolytic anemia and progressive neurological symptoms. 33,34 The investigation of the biological function and regulation of gamma-glutamyl cycle during fungal development, is, however, limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorting nexin Snx41 is essential for conidiation and mediates glutathione-based antioxidant defense during invasive growth inMagnaporthe oryzae

Deng

et al. 2012

Autophagy

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The sorting nexins Atg20/Snx42 and Snx41 regulate membrane traffic and endosomal protein sorting and are essential for Cvt and/or pexophagy in yeast. Previously, we showed that macroautophagy is necessary for conidiation in the riceblast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we analyzed the physiological function(s) of selective autophagy in Magnaporthe through targeted deletion of MGG_12832, an ortholog of yeast SNX41 and ATG20/SNX42. Loss of MGG_12832 (hereafter SNX41) abolished conidia formation and pathogenesis in M. oryzae. Snx41-GFP localized as dynamic puncta or short tubules that are partially associated with autophagosomes and/or autophagic vacuoles. PX domain, but not macroautophagy per se, was required for such localization of Snx41-GFP in Magnaporthe. Although not required for nonselective autophagy, Snx41 was essential for pexophagy in Magnaporthe. We identified Oxp1, an ATP-dependent oxoprolinase in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, as a binding partner and potential retrieval target of Snx41-dependent protein sorting. The substrate of Oxp1, 5-oxoproline, could partially restore conidiation in the snx41D. Exogenous glutathione, a product of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, significantly restored pathogenicity in the snx41D mutant, likely through counteracting the oxidative stress imposed by the host. We propose that the gamma-glutamyl cycle and glutathione biosynthesis are subject to regulation by Snx41-dependent vesicular trafficking, and mediate antioxidant defense crucial for in planta growth and pathogenic differentiation of Magnaporthe at the onset of blast disease in rice.

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Physiological and pathological aspects of GSH metabolism

Cited by 114 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Sorting nexin Snx41 is essential for conidiation and mediates glutathione-based antioxidant defense during invasive growth inMagnaporthe oryzae

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