Physiological determinants of maize and sunflower grain yield as affected by nitrogen supply

Massignam, Ângelo Mendes; Chapman, Scott C.; Hammer, Graeme; Fukai, S.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.001

Cited by 115 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Also, plant breeding and improvement of new varieties have grown significantly in the country accompanied by an excessive use of inorganic N fertilizer and irrigation, and were the main driving force in yield enhancement. The same trend has been reported for the world (SINCLAIR; HORIE, 1989;MASSIGNAM et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

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<b>Assessing nitrogen flow in production and utilization cycle of wheat and maize as a tool to monitor N loss in Iran</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i3.16039

Koocheki

Mahallati

Mansoori

et al. 2013

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Increasing resource use efficiency is crucial for enhancement of agricultural productions and reducing environmental hazards. For this purpose, improvement of Nitrogen use efficiency is an effective approach. Not only N loss occurs in field but also in processing course of food utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate N loss and efficiency from production to consumption for wheat and maize. For this purpose, data for the amount of applied nitrogen, acreage, yields, amount of returned residue were collected and a proportion of N allocated to different source of food or feed was also traced. Results showed that total N harvested by wheat and maize were 387 and 81.7 kt and N use efficiency for the same crops were 25 and 60%, respectively. Efficiency of N harvested by the crops was different based on the path used. Total N use efficiency in food production cycle for wheat and maize were 14.2 and 7.6%, respectively. Higher efficiency of N was observed in plant food production compared with animal feed. In general, N use efficiency in plant food production system was about 13 times higher than that of feed. For decreasing N loss in food production system, efficiency should be increased in the field and processing courses. Avaliação do fluxo de nitrogênio na produção e utilização do ciclo do trigo e do milho como uma ferramenta para monitorar as perdas de N em agro-ecossistema iraniano RESUMO. Aumentar a eficiência na utilização dos recursos é crucial para a valorização das produções agrícolas e reduzir os riscos ambientais. Para este efeito, a melhoria da eficiência de utilização de azoto é um método eficaz. Não apenas perdas de N acontecem em campo, mas também no processamento decurso de utilização dos alimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as perdas de N e eficiência da produção ao consumo de trigo e milho. Para esses dados de propósito para a quantidade de nitrogênio aplicado, a área, o rendimento, a quantidade de resíduos devolvidos foram coletadas e uma proporção de N alocado para outra fonte de alimento ou ração também foi rastreado. Os resultados mostraram que o total de N colhido por trigo e milho foram 387 e 81.7 kte. A eficiência de utilização para as mesmas culturas foram de 25 e 60%, respectivamente. Eficiência de N colhidas pelas culturas foi diferente com base no caminho que foi utilizado. A eficiência total de N utilização no ciclo de produção de alimentos para o trigo e de milho foram 14,2 e 7,6%, respectivamente. Maior eficiência de N foi observada na produção de alimentos planta em comparação com rações para animais. Em geral, N eficiência de utilização em planta do sistema de produção de alimentos foi de cerca de 13 vezes maior do que a de alimentos para animais. Para diminuir as perdas de nitrogênio no sistema de produção de alimentos, a eficiência deve ser aumentada nos cursos de campo e de processamento.Palavras-chave: eficiência do uso de N, perdas de N, manejo nutricional, fertilizantes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Worldwide, contribution of N in food production system has been reported by authors (SINCLAIR;HORIE, 1989;MASSIGNAM et al, 2009). One of the elements of success in green revolution was the introduction of dwarf varieties of wheat with high N demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

<b>Assessing nitrogen flow in production and utilization cycle of wheat and maize as a tool to monitor N loss in Iran</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i3.16039

Koocheki

Mahallati

Mansoori

et al. 2013

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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“…Borrás et al (2004) reported that the lack of assimilate supply, could result in a dramatic decline in grain filling period and grain weight. Massignam et al (2009) noted that N plays an imperative role in the maximization of crop yields, via its effects on photosynthetic processes such as grain filling rate and grain filling period. Abbadi et al (2008) showed that increasing N fertilizer rates increased traits related to grain growth in safflower.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain filling and fatty acid composition of safflower fertilized with integrated nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers

Sharifi

Namvar

Sharifi

2017

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the integrated application of nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers on the yield, grain filling period, and composition of fatty acids of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Split-plot experiments were carried out during the 2011 and 2012 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of seed inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain F, and Pseudomonas putida strain 186) in the subplots, including a control without seed inoculation; and of the application of N fertilizer at different rates (60, 120, and 180 kg ha -1 urea) in the main plots, including a control without N. The highest grain yield, grain filling period, and effective grain filling period were obtained by the application of 180 kg ha -1 urea and by seed inoculation with P. putida. The application of high N rates and P. putida inoculation resulted in 25.66% increase of the potential rate of grain filling. Biofertilizer inoculation in seed reduced the contents of saturated fatty acids (palmetic and stearic acids) and increased the contents of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids). The suitable amount of N fertilizer (between 120 and 180 kg ha -1 urea) can improve plant growth, and the quantity and quality of oil in seeds treated with P. putida in safflower plants.Index terms: Carthamus tinctorius, Pseudomonas putida, oil quality, PGPR, fatty acids, seed-inoculation. Enchimento de grãos e composição de ácidos graxos em plantas de cártamo adubadas com fertilizante nitrogenado e biofertilizantesResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação integrada de fertilizante nitrogenado e biofertilizantes sobre o rendimento, o período de enchimento de grãos e a composição de ácidos graxos de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em parcelas subdividas, durante as safras 2011 e 2012. Os tratamentos consistiram da inoculação de rizobactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas (Azotobacter chroococcum estirpe 5, Azospirillum lipoferum estirpe F e Pseudomonas putida estirpe 186) nas sementes, nas subparcelas, com um controle sem inoculação; e da aplicação de diferentes níveis de adubação nitrogenada (60, 120 e 180 kg ha -1 de ureia) nas parcelas principais, com um controle sem aplicação de N. O maior rendimento de grãos, o maior período de enchimento de grãos e o período efetivo de enchimento de grãos foram obtidos com a aplicação de 180 kg ha -1 de ureia e com a inoculação de P. putida nas sementes. A aplicação de altas doses de N e a inoculação com P. putida resultaram no aumento de 25,66% da taxa potencial de enchimento de grãos. A inoculação de biofertilizantes nas sementes reduziu o teor de ácidos graxos saturados (ácidos palmítico e esteárico) e incrementou os ácidos graxos insaturados (ácidos linoleico, linolênico e oleico). A aplicação da quantidade adequada de adubação nitrogenada (120 a 180 kg ha -1 de ureia) pode melhorar o crescimento de plantas ...

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“…The period of most rapid N accumulation occurs from V10 to V14 (DeBruin et al, 2017). However, low soil N availability early in the growing season can delay the timing of maximum N accumulation rate (Russelle et al, 1983;Massignam et al, 2009). Typically, modern hybrids accumulate about 65 to 70% of the total N content during vegetative growth and the remaining 30 to 35% after silking (Mueller and Vyn, 2016).…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates

Mueller

Camberato

Messina³

et al. 2017

Agronomy Journal

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N itrogen fertilizer is a high-cost input for maize production that is diffi cult to manage because efficient crop accumulation and utilization is dependent on agronomic, genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Within the wide spectrum of N fertilizer management decisions, a key interest has been improving the effi ciency with which N fertilizers are used by optimizing N rate and the timing of N application. One way to pursue increased N fertilizer effi ciency may be with the use of late-season, split N applications instead of the more common practice of N application near or shortly aft er planting (Scharf et al., 2002). Reasons that can motivate implementing late-season N applications include reducing work load during planting season, avoiding the frequently wet spring soil conditions, and allowing in-season assessment of N fertilizer needs (Scharf et al., 2002). Once N is applied to the soil it is vulnerable to losses from denitrifi cation and leaching, as well as volatilization and surface run-off if not injected (Raun and Johnson, 1999). When considering the potential benefi ts of late-season N applications, of prime interest are how the timing of N application impacts post-silking nitrogen accumulation (PostN), and the relationships between PostN and grain yield.Previous literature refl ects mixed results on the eff ects of the timing of sidedress N application. While Scharf et al. (2002) found no evidence of decreased grain yield when 100% of the N application was delayed until V11, Binder et al. (2000) reported a 12% reduction in maximum grain yield due to delaying sidedress application until V6 in a silty-clay soil. Similarly, Walsh et al. (2012) found a yield loss in six out of nine sites when sidedress was delayed until V10-VT. Th e latter authors attributed this yield decrease to irreversible yield loss due to early season N stress. Th ese studies indicate that a more feasible split-N application strategy would involve applying the majority of the N fertilizer early in the growing season and delaying a supplemental portion until the late-vegetative aBStractTh eoretically, N losses are reduced by synchronizing fertilizer additions with plant uptake requirements. We investigated the impacts of supplemental, late-season N applications on nitrogen fertilizer recovery effi ciency (NRE), and N accumulation and partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) at silking (R1) and physiological maturity (R6). Also tested was whether modern hybrids responded diff erently to split-N applications compared to hybrids released 20 yr ago. We compared 3 to 4 N rates ranging from 0 to 245 kg N ha -1 applied either in a single application at V3, or split with the last 45 kg N ha -1 delayed until V12, over 3 yr. Two newer hybrids (2012 and 2014) and two 1990 era hybrids (1991 and 1995) were compared at all N treatment combinations. Additional plant N accumulation following latesplit N applications was already apparent at R1, particularly in stems. Late-split N application increased both whole-plant R6 N accumulation and N...

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Physiological determinants of maize and sunflower grain yield as affected by nitrogen supply

Cited by 115 publications

References 24 publications

<b>Assessing nitrogen flow in production and utilization cycle of wheat and maize as a tool to monitor N loss in Iran</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i3.16039

<b>Assessing nitrogen flow in production and utilization cycle of wheat and maize as a tool to monitor N loss in Iran</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i3.16039

Grain filling and fatty acid composition of safflower fertilized with integrated nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers

Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates

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