Physiological effects of a CV4 cranial osteopathic technique on autonomic nervous system function: A preliminary investigation

Compression of the Fourth Ventricle Using a Craniosacral Osteopathic Technique: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence

“…The most commonly used outcome measurements were various physiological parameters and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function [ 6 , 12 , 14 ], brain cortex activity (especially in alpha band), and pain (visual analog scale). One study investigated the influence of CV4 on sleep latency and revealed more rapid sleep onset and MSNA (muscle sympathetic nerve activity) decrease in comparison to prestillpoint after CV4 in the experimental group [ 12 ].…”

Changes in Neck Mobility and Pressure Pain Threshold Levels Following a Cervical Myofascial Induction Technique in Pain-Free Healthy Subjects

“…On the contrary, another study determined minimal changes in autonomic measures with the application of the CV-4 technique in pain-free healthy subjects. 13 There are several structures in the cervical spine that can contribute to neck pain symptoms. One important fascial structure is the ligamentum nuchae, which is typically described as a median fibrous septum, triangular in shape that divides the muscles of the posterior region of the neck into right and left compartments.…”

A global view of osteopathic practice – mirror or echo chamber?

“…This explanation addresses the inability to demonstrate interrater reliability between sequential examiners but not between two examiners palpating subjects at the same time', concluding, 'It is naive, however, to therefore draw the conclusion that these measurable phenomena are expressions of the primary respiratory mechanism or even the CRI'. 30 A pilot study by Milnes and Moran (2007) reported finding no difference in autonomic effects between 'touch' and OCF. 31 Moskalenko et al (2009) undertook another uncontrolled basic science study of five volunteers investigated with synchronous bioimpedance traces to develop an 'hemoliquorodynamic hypothesis' that allegedly led to unquantified 'changes in lumbar muscle tone and sacral motion'.…”

“…30 A pilot study by Milnes and Moran (2007) reported finding no difference in autonomic effects between 'touch' and OCF. 31 Moskalenko et al (2009) undertook another uncontrolled basic science study of five volunteers investigated with synchronous bioimpedance traces to develop an 'hemoliquorodynamic hypothesis' that allegedly led to unquantified 'changes in lumbar muscle tone and sacral motion'. 32 None of these basic science studies provides evidence supportive of the hypothesis of OCF nor reason for any difference in conclusions from 1999 to 2013.…”