Physiological Impact of Seed Priming with CaCl2 or Carrot Root Extract on Lupinus termis Plants Fully Grown under Salinity Stress

Abstract

S EEDS of Lupinus termis (cv. Gemmeza R 2) were primed by presoaking for six hr in 100% aqueous extract of carrot roots or 10mM CaCl 2 solution, sown and left to grow for 30 days on clay-sandy soil (2:1 w/w). Seven-day-old seedlings grown from primed and unprimed seeds were exposed to salinity stress at 150mM NaCl. Salinity stress caused decreases in lengths, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots, leaf water content and photosynthetic pigments. Total soluble sugars, proteins, alkaloids, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and peroxidase activities and ascorbate content were elevated by salinity stress. Priming of lupine seeds with CaCl 2 or carrot root extract reversed all of the previous mentioned decreases and increases. Transmission electron microscope results revealed that salinity caused detachment of the plasma membrane from cell walls, degeneration of chloroplast membranes, disorganization of grana, disappearance of some nucleoli and the appearance of some abnormal nuclei. Seed priming preserved the intact cell wall structure, integrity of chloroplast membranes, normal grana organization and nuclear structure with well-defined nucleoli, comparable to those of the control seedlings.

Combating Salinity Through Natural Plant Extracts Based Biostimulants: A Review

“…Among others, they attributed the improved K + /Na + ratio and membrane integrity to antioxidants and polyphenols rich seed extracts. Analogous results have been reported in case of Phaseolus vulgaris, Vicia faba, Triticum aestivum, Lupinus termis , and Zea mays plants subjected to varying degree of salt concentrations ( Rady and Mohamed, 2015 ; Latif and Mohamed, 2016 ; Latef et al, 2019 ; Nessim and Kasim, 2019 ; Aboualhamed and Loutfy, 2020 ; ur Rehman et al, 2021 ). In another study, presence of phenols, flavonoids, and AsA in Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts was associated to salinity alleviation in apple seedlings ( Mahmoudand and Dahab, 2018 ).…”

“…They can be prepared either from a whole plant or from any specific part of the plant, i.e., fruits, flowers, bark, roots, leaves, stems, seeds, pollens, grains, etc. ( Semida and Rady, 2014 ; Lorenzo et al, 2019 ; Nessim and Kasim, 2019 ; Rady et al, 2019a ; Zulfiqar et al, 2020b ; Suryaman et al, 2021 ). Whereas plant derived products like protein hydrolyzates, polyamines, polyols, amides, etc.…”

“…PEs are the concentrates of plants and could be prepared using any part of the plant, i.e., seeds, roots, stems, leaves, bark, flowers, etc. ( Semida and Rady, 2014 ; Lorenzo et al, 2019 ; Nessim and Kasim, 2019 ; Rady et al, 2019b ; Zulfiqar et al, 2020b ). The application of PEs could be either in liquid form as foliar spray and/or root treatment, or as soil preparations like granules, concentrates, solutions added to soil, or powders ( Drobek et al, 2019 ).…”

Enhancement of Seawater Stress Tolerance in Barley by the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus ochraceus

“…The generated reactive oxygen species caused severe damage to plant cells through the destruction of cell membranes, which results in an increase of malondialdehyde content. In our study, the reported increase in MDA and H 2 O 2 contents in barley leaves is due to the fact that many components, including protein and lipids, join the formation of the plant cell membranes, and salt stress breaks these components down within the cell membranes as a result of the increased development of ROS, which also affects other cellular components, such as carbohydrates and protein [ 6 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. Endophytic fungi play a major role in combating abiotic stresses, specifically salinity stress [ 53 , 97 ].…”

Using Sugarcane Waste to Reduce Cytogenetic Impairment in Vicia faba

“…61, No. 1 (2021) RASHA KAMAL HELMEY Nessem & Kasim (2019) mentioned that among the more deleterious effects of salinity stress on plants are the significant reductions in various growth parameters (Rahneshan et al, 2018).…”