Physiological markers of stress susceptibility in maize and triticale under different soil compactions and/or soil water contents

Abstract

Differences between two maize and two triticale genotypes grown in low soil compaction (LSC), moderate soil compaction (MSC) and severe soil compaction (SSC) and with a limited (D) or excess (W) soil water content were observed as a decrease in shoot (S) and root (R) biomass, leaf greening (SPAD) and increase in membrane injury (LI), root and leaf water potential (ψ), photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (E) and stomata conductance (g S ). Close correlations between ψ L and ψ R, and between differences ψ L and ψ R (Δψ) were found. Drought or waterlogging with LSC conditions in both maize genotypes resulted in higher WUE than in control plants (LSC C), but under the SSC WUE declined. However, for triticale differences in WUE, between treatments were small and insignificant. In general, changes in markers were greater for genotypes sensitive to the soil compaction (Ankora, CHD-12) than in resistant ones (Tina, CHD-247) and were higher in seedlings grown under SSC conditions.

Selection approaches to the variation of responses to soil compaction stress among maize hybrids (Zeamays L.)

“…Responses of different species and cultivars to soil compaction were studied by numerous authors (Colombi & Walter, 2016; Dannowski, 1992; Grzesiak et al., 2017, 2019; Iijima & Kono, 1991; Iijima et al., 1991; Ishaq et al., 2001; Lipiec et al., 1993, 1996; Masle, 2002; Parker et al., 2017). Physiological, morphological and molecular traits were suggested for improving the stress tolerance of crops, and most of them are potentially applicable to maize.…”

“…The experiments involved 18 maize hybrids selected based on our earlier experiments (Grzesiak et al, 2013(Grzesiak et al, , 2017 and the information received from breeders. Sixteen hybrids were single crosses (SC), and Markiza and Luciana were three line crosses (TC).…”

Variation Among Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Response to the Drought Stress. II—Root System Structure

“…However, tolerance to drought stress is a complex feature, and finding suitable phenotypes requires time-consuming exposure of plants to simultaneously or sequentially occurring stress factors in natural conditions. Further, the progress in breeding is slower than expected and some of the reasons are that the genotypic variation in drought tolerance in crops has not yet been fully comprehended [9,[46][47][48], and the genotype itself is not the only factor determining survival in suboptimal conditions [13,14,17,23,33,34,[49][50][51].…”

Variation among wheat (Triticum easativumL.) genotypes in response to the drought stress: I – selection approaches

“…It has been shown that 20-25% of the global wheat growing area is exposed to drought and the grain yield reduction ranges from 10% to 76% depending on a plant growth stage and a stress severity. Differences in a tolerance to drought within particular genotypes and plant species were proved in many studies, including wheat (Winter et al 1988;Reynolds et al 1998;Paknejad et al 2007), maize (Martinielio and Lorenzoni 1985;Lorens et al 1987;Grzesiak 1990;Grzesiak et al 2012), rape seed (Richards 1978), oat (Larsson and Górny 1988;Marcińska et al 2017), coconut (Gomez et al 2008) and triticale (Royo et al 2000;Grzesiak et al 2012Grzesiak et al , 2017.…”