Physiological Specialization Between Races of Plasmopara halstedii in America and Europe

Zimmer, D. E.

doi:10.1094/phyto-64-1465

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…In the 1970s, only two races, 100 and 300 (then referred to as races 1 and 2), were reported in Europe and North America (Zimmer 1974). In the 1970s, only two races, 100 and 300 (then referred to as races 1 and 2), were reported in Europe and North America (Zimmer 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pl 17 is a novel gene independent of known downy mildew resistance genes in the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Long

Jan

et al. 2015

Theor Appl Genet

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Pl 17, a novel downy mildew resistance gene independent of known downy mildew resistance genes in sunflowers, was genetically mapped to linkage group 4 of the sunflower genome. Downy mildew (DM), caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.). Berl. et de Toni, is one of the serious sunflower diseases in the world due to its high virulence and the variability of the pathogen. DM resistance in the USDA inbred line, HA 458, has been shown to be effective against all virulent races of P. halstedii currently identified in the USA. To determine the chromosomal location of this resistance, 186 F 2:3 families derived from a cross of HA 458 with HA 234 were phenotyped for their resistance to race 734 of P. halstedii. The segregation ratio of the population supported that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, Pl 17. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) primers were used to identify molecular markers linked to Pl 17. Bulked segregant analysis using 849 SSR markers located Pl 17 to linkage group (LG) 4, which is the first DM gene discovered in this linkage group. An F2 population of 186 individuals was screened with polymorphic SSR and SNP primers from LG4. Two flanking markers, SNP SFW04052 and SSR ORS963, delineated Pl 17 in an interval of 3.0 cM. The markers linked to Pl 17 were validated in a BC3 population. A search for the physical location of flanking markers in sunflower genome sequences revealed that the Pl 17 region had a recombination frequency of 0.59 Mb/cM, which was a fourfold higher recombination rate relative to the genomic average. This region can be considered amenable to molecular manipulation for further map-based cloning of Pl 17.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pl 17 is a novel gene independent of known downy mildew resistance genes in the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Long

Jan

et al. 2015

Theor Appl Genet

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“…Until 1980 only two physiological races of P. halstedii were known to endanger sunflower cultivation, the European race 1 and the North American race 2 (Zimmer, 1974). Almost contemporarily with the development of highly resistant host cultivars new pathogen isolates of increased virulence were identified and rapidly replaced races of lower pathogenicity all over the world (for reviews see Gulya et al, 1997;Viranyi, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Relationship of Plasmopara halstedii Isolates Differing in Pathogenicity and Geographic Origin Based on ITS Sequence Data

et al. 2006

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Sequence parts of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA were analysed to screen for the intraspecific variability of a non-coding genomic region in 15 Plasmopara halstedii populations of different pathotype and geographic origin. Samples revealed uniformity in a ca. 790 Bp fragment comprising of the ITS-1, 5.8S and front parts of the ITS-2. In contrast, clear differences were found in a ca. 810 Bp fragment of the ITS-2 thus allowing differentiation between populations of pathotype 100, 310 and 330 and a group of populations representing pathotypes 700, 701, 703, 710 and 730. Samples of pathotypes 700 to730 originated from Slovakia, France, and Germany, but were uniform in both ITS sequence parts, thus indicating very recent origin of these highly aggressive physiological races. The potential use of ITS sequences for pathotype differentiation and phylogenetic studies in P. halstedii is discussed.

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“…The P. halstedii pathogen populations are rapidly changing and co‐evolving with the widely used DM‐resistant sunflower hybrids. Two P. halstedii races, one each in Europe and North America, were first reported in the 1970s (Zimmer, 1974). However, in the following four decades, a total of 44 P. halstedii races were identified globally, with the highest diversity of races present in North America and France (Trojanová et al., 2017; Viranyi et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Registration of two confection sunflower germplasms, HA‐DM5 and HA‐DM6, resistant to sunflower downy mildew

Seiler

2020

J of Plant Registrations

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Downy mildew (DM) is a primary biotic threat to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production worldwide, negatively impacting yield. Germplasms HA‐DM5 (Reg. no. GP‐367, PI 687025) and HA‐DM6 (Reg. no. GP‐368, PI 691507) were developed and released through the collaboration of the USDA‐ARS and the North Dakota State University as new sources of resistance to downy mildew for confection sunflower. The backcross breeding method and DNA marker‐assisted selection were used to develop HA‐DM5 and HA‐DM6. HA‐DM5 is a BC2F3‐derived BC2F4 maintainer selection from the cross of CONFSCLB1*2//CMS CONFSCLB1/ PI 435414 with the DM resistance transferred from a wild H. annuus PI 435414. Phenotypic/molecular characterizations confirmed the presence of the DM resistance gene Pl19 located on sunflower chromosome 4 derived from PI 435414 in HA‐DM5. HA‐DM6 is a composite of seed from individual BC2F4 plants from the cross of CONFSCLB1*2//CMS CONFSCLB1/ PI 494576. The DM resistance in HA‐DM6 is controlled by a single dominant gene Pl35 located on chromosome 1 derived from wild H. argophyllus PI 494576. Both HA‐DM5 and HA‐DM6 confer resistance to several modern P. halstedii races currently identified in the United States and Europe. They provide new genetic diversity in addition to the few currently used DM‐resistant inbred lines in confection sunflower ensuring protection from yield loss.

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Physiological Specialization Between Races of Plasmopara halstedii in America and Europe

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Pl 17 is a novel gene independent of known downy mildew resistance genes in the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Pl 17 is a novel gene independent of known downy mildew resistance genes in the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Intraspecific Relationship of Plasmopara halstedii Isolates Differing in Pathogenicity and Geographic Origin Based on ITS Sequence Data

Registration of two confection sunflower germplasms, HA‐DM5 and HA‐DM6, resistant to sunflower downy mildew

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