Physiological Values of Dairy Cattle during Dry Period in Pangalengan: Hematology, Heart Rate, Respiration Frequency, and Body Temperature

Abstract

ABSTRAKKecamatan Pangalengan berada pada ketinggian 10001400 mdpl dengan suhu per tahun berkisar antara 1228°C dengan kelembapan per tahun 6070%. Kondisi lingkungan Pangalengan ini dapat memengaruhi kondisi fisiologis dan kesehatan sapi perah, khususnya pada saat kering kandang. Informasi tentang nilai fisiologis sapi pada saat kering kandang sampai saat ini belum tersedia. Penelitian menggunakan 46 ekor sapi perah kering kandang dan pengukuran parameter fisiologis dilakukan pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil. Kisaran denyut jantung, respirasi, dan suhu tubuh secara berturutturut adalah sebesar 52,870,2 kali/menit, 18,936,6 kali/menit, dan 37,638,6°C. Kisaran hemoglobin, hematokrit, eritrosit, dan leukosit adalah 9,311,3 g/dl; 30,436,6%; 6,58,7 juta/µl, dan 7,412,8 ribu/µl. Kisaran diferensial leukosit meliputi limfosit, neutrofil, monosit, eosinofil, dan basophil secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 29,6055,60%; 28,8056,20%; 0,304,30%; 5,5019,7%; dan 0,000,00%. Rasio neutrofil/limfosit didapatkan berkisar antara 0,451,91. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa sapi perah kering kandang yang dipelihara pada kondisi iklim Pangalengan yang sejuk menunjukkan nilai fisiologis yang berada dalam kisaran normal.Kata kunci: kering kandang, nilai fisiologis, pangalengan, sapi perah ABSTRACT Pangalengan is at an altitude of 10001400 m above sea level with annual temperatures range of 1228°C and annual humidity of 6070%. Pangalengan's environmental conditions can affect the physiological conditions and health of dairy cattle, especially during the dry period. The information about the physiological value of dairy cows when they are in a dry period is not yet available. This study used 46 dairy cows that were on a dry period, and measurements of physiological parameters were carried out in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Heart rate, respiration rate, and body temperature ranges were 52,870,2 times/min, 18.9−36.6 times/min, and 37,638,6°C, respectively. The ranges of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and leukocytes were 9.311.3 g/dl; 30.436.6%; 6.58.70 million/µl; and 7.412.8 thousand/µl, respectively. The differential ranges of leukocytes including lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophil, and basophils were at 29.6055.60%; 28.8056.20%; 0.304.30%; 5.5019.7%; and 0.000.00%, respectively. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was obtained in the range of 0.451.91. This study concluded that dairy cows during dry period maintained in mild Pangalengan climatic conditions showed physiological values that were within the normal range.

Milk production of dairy cow at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan

“…A longer dry period does not cause an increase in milk production [10]. The dry period requires dairy cows to rest the udder glands and increase body deposits resulting in next milk production being improved, while the alveolar glands in the mammary glands are recovering to be ready to produce milk on the next lactation [11]. Alveolus is a place to synthesize milk elements, so the new cells and maintained cells will affect the increase or decrease the synthesized milk elements [12].…”

Assessment of heat stress in dairy cows related to physiological responses

“…The respiration Rate and heart rate of the calf are normal because The ranges of heart rate, and respiration rate, for dry dairy cows were 52.8-70.2 times/minute and 18.9-36.6 times/minute (Suprayogi et al, 2019). The ambient temperature at the research location during the day and evening indicated that the environment was at a critical temperature condition for dairy cows.…”

“…Heifers experienced a critical temperature of 22.5°C and a humidity of 78% in Bogor, namely the respiration rate of 27-38 times/minute, while in Jakarta, the critical temperature of heifers was 23.5°C and 78% humidity, namely the respiration rate of 26-46 times/minute. Respiratory rate is influenced by body size, animal age, physical activity, restlessness, ambient temperature, pregnancy, digestive system disorders, health conditions, and animal position (Suprayogi et al, 2019) and increased respiratory rate situations of stress, work, fever, and pain. There can also be a decrease in the frequency of breathing in the respiratory center sensitivity to depression in cases such as increased pressure in the brain, loss of consciousness, uremia, and increased oxygen pressure.…”

“…The rectal temperature for dry dairy cows is average. According to Suprayogi et al (2019), the average temperature of dairy cows is between 37,6ºC to 38,6ºC, but there is no significant difference in measurements in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Meanwhile, the heart rate and respiration rate of dry dairy cows were significantly different in size in the morning, afternoon, and evening as presented in Table 5.…”

“…Table 5 informs that dry dairy cows are exposed to heat stress during the afternoon and evening, indicating an increase in the respiration rate, namely 49.2 times/minute and 47.8 times/minute. Suprayogi et al (2019) reported that the physiological value of dry dairy cows reared in the highlands is standard not to be exposed to heat stress. The heart rate, respiration, and body temperature ranges for dry dairy cows were 52.8-70.2 times/minute, 18.9-36.6 times/minute, and 37.6-38.6°C, respectively.…”