Physiology of Immunity

Pal, Gopal; Pal, Pravati; Nanda, Nivedita

doi:10.5005/jp/books/12960_20

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The procedure for preparing NERs is shown in Figure . We use bovine blood, which has a hematocrit, i.e., volume fraction of erythrocytes, of about 20% (in human blood, the hematocrit is about 40%) . In terms of number density, we measured the number density (using a cytometer) of RBCs in the blood used here to be about 3 × 10 9 cells/mL.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal Properties of Nanoerythrosomes Derived from Bovine Red Blood Cells

Kuo

Hoang

et al. 2015

Langmuir

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liposomes are nanoscale containers that are typically synthesized from lipids using a high-shear process such as extrusion or sonication. While liposomes are extensively used in drug delivery, they do suffer from certain problems including limited colloidal stability and short circulation times in the body. As an alternative to liposomes, we explore a class of container structures derived from erythrocytes (red blood cells). The procedure involves emptying the inner contents of these cells (specifically hemoglobin) and resuspending the empty structures in buffer, followed by sonication. The resulting structures are termed nanoerythrosomes (NERs), i.e., they are membrane-covered nanoscale containers, much like liposomes. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) are employed for the first time to study these NERs. The results reveal that the NERs are discrete spheres (∼110 nm diameter) with a unilamellar membrane of thickness ∼4.5 nm. Remarkably, the biconcave disc-like shape of erythrocytes is also exhibited by the NERs under hypertonic conditions. Moreover, unlike typical liposomes, NERs show excellent colloidal stability in both buffer as well as in serum at room temperature, and are also able to withstand freeze-thaw cycling. We have explored the potential for using NERs as colloidal vehicles for targeted delivery. Much like conventional liposomes, NER membranes can be decorated with fluorescent or other markers, solutes can be encapsulated in the cores of the NERs, and NERs can be targeted to specifically bind to mammalian cells. Our study shows that NERs are a promising and versatile class of nanostructures. NERs that are harvested from a patient's own blood and reconfigured for nanomedicine can potentially offer several benefits including biocompatibility, minimization of immune response, and extended circulation time in the body.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal Properties of Nanoerythrosomes Derived from Bovine Red Blood Cells

Kuo

Hoang

et al. 2015

Langmuir

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Encouragement stimulates the frontal lobe of the cortex that increases the activity in the motor cortex. This in turn stimulates the flexor muscles by increasing the activity in the corresponding motor neurons [1]. This shows that cerebral cortex is involved in fatigue in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Thus in an intact body during continuous voluntary muscular effort, central nervous system (synapse) appears to be the primary site of fatigue as it is highly sensitive to changes in oxygen supply and to accumulation of metabolites. The next site of fatigue is neuromuscular junction and lastly the site of fatigue is in the muscle proper [1]. The factors which influence onset of fatigue are types of muscle fibers, training and blood flow [17].…”

Section: Work Done By Upper Extremity Using Mosso's Ergographmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study of Muscle Function in Young Adults

Mohan¹,

Geetha²,

Padmavathi³

2016

SJAMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Muscles are the only tissue in the body that has the ability to contract and therefore move the other parts of the body. Physical activity is the one important factor which affects the skeletal muscle function. Regular physical activity is recommended in youth today to improve the physical and mental well being. The aim of this study is to assess the skeletal muscle function in sedentary and physically active young adults by using Mosso's ergogaph and 40mm endurance test. A cross sectional study was conducted among 50 sedentary and 50 physically active healthy medical and paramedical students in the

show abstract

Physiology of Immunity

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Colloidal Properties of Nanoerythrosomes Derived from Bovine Red Blood Cells

Colloidal Properties of Nanoerythrosomes Derived from Bovine Red Blood Cells

Study of Muscle Function in Young Adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About