PHYSIOLOGY OF SEA ICE DIATOMS. I. RESPONSE OF THREE POLAR DIATOMS TO A SIMULATED SUMMER‐WINTER TRANSITION<sup>1</sup>

Palmisano, Anna C.; Sullivan, Cornelius W.

doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1982.tb03215.x

Cited by 87 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…4 Mean maximum NPQ for all species, temperatures and experiments (n = 3), errors are standard deviations maximum rates at around 10°C (Kottmeier and Sullivan 1988;Fiala and Oriol 1990). However, some polar species exhibit significant suppression of metabolic activity at low temperatures and many only exhibit temperature limitation above 5°C (Palmisano and Sullivan 1982;Palmisano et al 1985). Thus, the range of temperatures used in the incubations here may not be outside their physiological acclimation limits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of prolonged darkness on the growth, recovery and survival of Antarctic sea ice diatoms

2011

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While global climate change in polar regions is expected to cause significant warming, the annual cycle of light and dark will remain unchanged. Cultures of three species of Antarctic sea ice diatoms, Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Grunow) Krieger, Thalassiosira antarctica Comber and Entomoneis kjellmanii (P.T. Cleve) Poulin and Cardinal, were incubated in the dark and exposed to differing temperatures. Maximum dark survival times varied between 30 and 60 days. Photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic efficiency (a), maximum quantum yield (Fv/ Fm), maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), showed that dark exposure had a significant impact on photoacclimation. In contrast, elevated temperatures had a relatively minor impact on photosynthetic functioning during the dark exposure period but had a considerable impact on dark survival with minimal dark survival times reduced to only 7 days when exposed to 10°C. Recovery of maximum quantum yield of fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was not significantly impacted by temperature, species or dark exposure length. Recovery rates of Fv/Fm ranged from -5.06E-7 ± 2.71E-7 s -1 to 1.36E-5 ± 1.53E-5 s -1 for monthly experiments and from -9.63E-7 ± 7.71E-7 s -1 to 2.65E-5 ± 2.97E-5 s -1 for weekly experiments. NPQ recovery was greater and more consistent than Fv/Fm recovery, ranging between 5.74E-7 ± 8.11E-7 s -1 to 7.50E-3 ± 7.1E-4 s -1 . The concentration of chl-a and monosaccharides remained relatively constant in both experiments. These results suggest that there will probably be little effect on Antarctic microalgae with increasing water temperatures during the Antarctic winter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of prolonged darkness on the growth, recovery and survival of Antarctic sea ice diatoms

2011

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“…These two problems are examined in turn. First, Palmisano and Sullivan (1982) have shown that a slight increase in temperature can dramatically change the algal growth rate. Their division rates at 0°C ranged from 0.26 to 0.29 div d-I, while only 0.13 div d-l or none (according to the species) were recorded at -1.5"C (see their figure 2A-F'), which is the freezing point of seawater of 27.9%0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient limitation of the bottom‐ice microalgal biomass (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic)1

Maestrini¹,

Rochet

Legendre

et al. 1986

Limnology & Oceanography

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In April 1983, differential-enrichment bioassays were conducted on natural sea-ice microalgae from Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic. Incubations were done both in the laboratory (at about 4"-5°C) and in situ at the ice-water interface (-1.5"C). Actual growth of the cultures was nutrient limited. On the basis of our observations and using recalculated data from the literature, we tentatively set the mean generation time of Arctic-ice microalgae between 8 and 17 days. Nitrogen was demonstrated to govern the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the algae to grow. The low (NO,-+ NO,-+ NH,+):P0,3-mean ratio (5.9) in the water at the ice interface leads to the same conclusion. In situ dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus progressively decreased during the course of sampling, but were never exhausted. We hypothesize that the K, of epontic as well as of other benthic microalgae is higher than that of phytoplankton, so that they cannot deplete the natural nutrient reservoir. We conclude that the bottom-ice dynamics is controlled not only from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the shorter term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface with nutrients.

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“…Apart from the diurnal light-dark rhythm, diatoms store lipids in excess to better cope with unfavorable growth conditions like nutrient limitation (Roessler 1990;Fahl and Kattner 1993), low irradiance and low temperatures (Smith and Morris 1980;Palmisano and Sullivan 1982). Lipid droplets have been detected at high quantities in polar plankton and sea ice diatom taxa in summer and late autumn (Fryxell 1989;Fahl and Kattner 1993;Zhang et al 1998).…”

Section: The Lipids Metabolism Under Darknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In diatoms different mechanisms have been described for long-term dark survival (McMinn and Martin 2013). Those include the utilization of stored energy products (Palmisano and Sullivan 1982), the reduction of metabolic activity (Palmisano and Sullivan 1982), formation of resting stages (Durbin 1978;McQuoid and Hobson 1996), and/or a facultative heterotrophic lifestyle (Lewin and Lewin 1960;Hellebust and Lewin 1977;Tuchman et al 2006). The utilization of energy storage products, such as lipids (triacylglycerol) and carbohydrates (chrysolaminarin), could provide energy for the cellular maintenance metabolism during long periods of darkness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prolonged darkness and temperature on the lipid metabolism in the benthic diatom Navicula perminuta from the Arctic Adventfjorden, Svalbard

et al. 2017

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which could consequently lead to a depletion of this energy reserves before the end of the polar night. On the other hand, the membrane building phospho-and glycolipids remained unchanged during the 8 weeks darkness, indicating still intact thylakoid membranes. These results explain the shorter survival times of polar diatoms with increasing water temperatures during prolonged dark periods. Abstract The Arctic represents an extreme habitat for phototrophic algae due to long periods of darkness caused by the polar night (~4 months darkness). Benthic diatoms, which dominate microphytobenthic communities in shallow water regions, can survive this dark period, but the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms are not well understood. One of the potential mechanisms for long-term dark survival is the utilisation of stored energy products in combination with a reduced basic metabolism. In recent years, water temperatures in the Arctic increased due to an ongoing global warming. Higher temperatures could enhance the cellular energy requirements for the maintenance metabolism during darkness and, therefore, accelerate the consumption of lipid reserves. In this study, we investigated the macromolecular ratios and the lipid content and composition of Navicula cf. perminuta Grunow, an Arctic benthic diatom isolated from the microphytobenthos of Adventfjorden (Svalbard, Norway), over a dark period of 8 weeks at two different temperatures (0 and 7 °C). The results demonstrate that N. perminuta uses the stored lipid compound triacylglycerol (TAG) during prolonged dark periods, but also the pool of free fatty acids (FFA). Under the enhanced temperature of 7 °C, the lipid resources were used significantly faster than at 0 °C, Keywords

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PHYSIOLOGY OF SEA ICE DIATOMS. I. RESPONSE OF THREE POLAR DIATOMS TO A SIMULATED SUMMER‐WINTER TRANSITION¹

Cited by 87 publications

References 36 publications

The effect of prolonged darkness on the growth, recovery and survival of Antarctic sea ice diatoms

The effect of prolonged darkness on the growth, recovery and survival of Antarctic sea ice diatoms

Nutrient limitation of the bottom‐ice microalgal biomass (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic)1

Effects of prolonged darkness and temperature on the lipid metabolism in the benthic diatom Navicula perminuta from the Arctic Adventfjorden, Svalbard

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PHYSIOLOGY OF SEA ICE DIATOMS. I. RESPONSE OF THREE POLAR DIATOMS TO A SIMULATED SUMMER‐WINTER TRANSITION1

Cited by 87 publications

References 36 publications

The effect of prolonged darkness on the growth, recovery and survival of Antarctic sea ice diatoms

The effect of prolonged darkness on the growth, recovery and survival of Antarctic sea ice diatoms

Nutrient limitation of the bottom‐ice microalgal biomass (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic)1

Effects of prolonged darkness and temperature on the lipid metabolism in the benthic diatom Navicula perminuta from the Arctic Adventfjorden, Svalbard

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PHYSIOLOGY OF SEA ICE DIATOMS. I. RESPONSE OF THREE POLAR DIATOMS TO A SIMULATED SUMMER‐WINTER TRANSITION¹