Physiology of the larynx

Denk, Doris-Maria; Swoboda, Herwig; Steiner, E

doi:10.1007/s001170050325

Cited by 8 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The skeletal muscle fibers differ in their resistance to fatigue and in the development of tension, in straight accordance with their own oxidative capacity of transforming chemical energy into a mechanical one (11) , in which are known two types: slow-twitch fibers (ST): red, type I, tonic; and fast-twitch fibers (FT): white, type II, or phasic (3)(4)(5)(6)(7) .…”

Section: Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) is a paired skeletal muscle that is part of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx and each comprises a vocal fold; it receives motor and sensory support from the vagus nerve through one of its branches (cranial nerve X), the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) is located laterally to the elastic membrane and to the thyroarytenoid ligaments (1,(3)(4)(5)(6)8,9,14,(16)(17)(18)(19) .…”

Section: Thyroarytenoid Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural emission of voice requires muscle activity, including the TA muscle, which participates in the glottal adduction and in the production of both low and high frequency sounds. Also the work performed by audiologists uses vocal exercises related to the activity of specific muscles, in conformity with treatment goals, such as the technique of vocal fry (VF), held by the great contraction of the TA muscle (1,(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) . Therefore, it is necessary for the speech-language pathologist to know the neuroanatomical and physiological traits of the TA and its role in the technique of VF used in the clinic, to support the criteria for its use and indication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Músculo tiroaritenoideo e som basal: uma revisão de literatura

Cielo

Elias

Brum

et al. 2011

Rev. soc. bras. fonoaudiol.

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BSTRACTThe work of speech-language pathologists uses exercises such as the vocal fry (VF), which originates from the great contractile activity of the intrinsic laryngeal thyroarytenoid muscle (TA). The aim of this study was to review the literature related to TA and VF.A literature review of the last 20 years on the subject was performed in the databases LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. It was found that the internal beam of the TA has slow twitch fibers, isotonic, resistant to fatigue; the external beam provides fast twitch, fatigable and isometric fibers. The VF is characterized by the perception of the vibration of the glottal pulses during the emission of the lowest frequencies in the vocal range (crackling in bass or vocal fry), mainly by the action of the TA, especially its inner portion, which shows evident shortening, dropping the mucosa in great volume along the free edge, increasing subglottic pressure and jitter, shimmer and noise levels, and reducing the airflow. Based on the literature, the isometric exercise with the external TA happens with VF sustained in the lowest possible frequency to the subject (maximum contraction), for six seconds, five to ten times daily, consistent with its predominance of fast twitch fibers. In the isotonic exercise with the internal TA, high sounds must be to stretch the muscle, alternating emissions by VF (concentric contraction) and in modal register and falsetto head (high-pitched sounds) (eccentric contraction) with several daily series of eight to 12 repetitions, consistent with the predominance of slow twitch fibers.

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Section: Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thyroarytenoid Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Músculo tiroaritenoideo e som basal: uma revisão de literatura

Cielo

Elias

Brum

et al. 2011

Rev. soc. bras. fonoaudiol.

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“…The esophageal phase is coordinated between medullary swallowing centers and local intramural nerve plexus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscle being innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. [2][3][4] Dysphagia Dysphagia is used as a term to describe swallowing disorders compromising the regular transport of food from mouth to stomach. This may be based on structural disorders or on disturbances of the neurological control of swallowing.…”

Section: Physiology Of Mastication and Swallowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysphagia in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury

Wolf

Meiners

2003

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Longitudinal observational. Objectives: (a) To establish a reliable and feasible method to indicate the presence and severity of dysphagia and (b) to establish a course of treatment in individuals presenting with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). Setting: Spinal Cord Injury Center, Werner Wicker Klinik, Bad Wildungen, Germany. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 51 patients consecutively admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the SCI in-patient service. They were subjected to neurological and fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES). Data concerning artificial respiration, presence of tracheostomy, oral or non-oral feeding were obtained from the medical charts. Statistics were carried out by a calculation of a nonparametric correlation (Spearman). Results: Five levels of dysphagia could be distinguished. At levels 1 and 2, patients presented with a severe impairment of swallowing, in level 3 aspiration was met by a powerful coughing reflex, level 4 comprised a laryngeal edema and/or a mild aspiration of fluids only and at level 5 laryngeal function was not compromised. On admission, 20 patients with CSCI presented with mild (level 4), eight with moderate (level 3) and 13 with severe dysphagia (levels 1 and 2). In 10 no signs of dysphagia could be detected. After treatment, level 1 was no longer detected, one patient showed level 2, two patients showed level 3, all other patients showed only mild or no signs of dysphagia any longer. Conclusions: Dysphagia of various severities was present in the majority of these patients with CSCI together with respiratory insufficiency. FEES allows for the detection and classification of dysphagia as well as for an evaluation of the therapeutic management. Under interdisciplinary treatment the prognosis of dysphagia is good.

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“…It is mostly performed unconsciously and when initiated, controlled by a pattern of muscle activations [30]. The swallowing act is often partitioned into (1) oral preparation phase (food in the mouth), (2) pharyngeal phase (food bolus in the throat) and (3) esophageal phase (food propulsion towards the stomach) [31]. After transforming the food to a allowable bolus in the oral phase, the swallowing reflex is initiated by the tongue, starting the pharyngeal phase.…”

Section: Swallowing Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of dietary activity events using on-body sensors

Amft

Tröster

2008

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

195

148

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SummaryObjective: An imbalanced diet elevates health risks for many chronic diseases including obesity. Dietary monitoring could contribute vital information to lifestyle coaching and diet management, however, current monitoring solutions are not feasible for a long-term implementation. Towards automatic dietary monitoring, this work targets the continuous recognition of dietary activities using on-body sensors. Methods: An on-body sensing approach was chosen, based on three core activities during intake: arm movements, chewing and swallowing. In three independent evaluation studies the continuous recognition of activity events was investigated and the precision-recall performance analysed. An event recognition procedure was deployed, that addresses multiple challenges of continuous activity recognition, including the dynamic adaptability for variable-length activities and flexible deployment by supporting one to many independent classes. The approach uses a sensitive activity event search followed by a selective refinement of the detection using different information fusion schemes. The method is simple and modular in design and implementation. Results: The recognition procedure was successfully adapted to the investigated dietary activities. Four intake gesture categories from arm movements and two food groups from chewing cycle sounds were detected and identified with a recall of 80-90% and a precision of 50-64%. The detection of individual swallows resulted in 68% recall and 20% precision. Sample-accurate recognition rates were 79% for movements, 86% for chewing and 70% for swallowing. Conclusions: Body movements and chewing sounds can be accurately identified using on-body sensors, demonstrating the feasibility of on-body dietary monitoring. Further investigations are needed to improve the swallowing spotting performance. #

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Physiology of the larynx

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Músculo tiroaritenoideo e som basal: uma revisão de literatura

Músculo tiroaritenoideo e som basal: uma revisão de literatura

Dysphagia in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury

Recognition of dietary activity events using on-body sensors

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