Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Oenothera biennis L. Hydroalcoholic Extract

Abstract

Oenothera biennis L. (OB), also commonly known as evening primrose, belongs to the Onagraceae family and has the best studied biological activity of all the members in the family. In therapy, the most frequently used type of extracts are from the aerial part, which are the fatty oils obtained from the seeds and have a wide range of medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activity of OB hydroalcoholic extract and to provide directions for the antimicrobial effect, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic potential against A375 melanoma cell line, and anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory capacity. The main polyphenols and flavonoids identified were gallic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin and rosmarinic acid. The total phenolic content was 631.496 µgGAE/mL of extract and the antioxidant activity was 7258.67 μmolTrolox/g of extract. The tested extract had a mild bacteriostatic effect on the tested bacterial strains. It was bactericidal only against Candida spp. and S. aureus. In the set of experimental conditions, the OB extract only manifested significant antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity against the A375 human melanoma cell line at the highest tested concentration, namely 60 μg/mL. The migration potential of A375 cells was hampered by the OB extract in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, at the highest tested concentration, the OB extract altered the mitochondrial function in vitro, while reducing the angiogenic reaction, hindering compact tumor formation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Moreover, the OB extract elicited an anti-inflammatory effect on the experimental animal model of ear inflammation.

Polyphenol Extract from Evening Primrose (Oenothera paradoxa) Inhibits Invasion Properties of Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells

“…It has been revealed that the extract of aerial parts of O. biennis inhibited the migration abilities of human melanoma cell lines A375 in a concentration-dependent manner [ 56 ]. In contrast, oral supplementation of oil from evening primrose (EPO) favors skin regeneration via increasing wound healing properties in dermal cells.…”

Development and Validation of a Method for Determining the Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and Ellagic Acid Content of Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) by HPLC-UVD

“…Granica et al [ 31 ] investigated and identified 39 polyphenols from 50% ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of OB with UHPLC fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry analyses. In addition, Fecker et al [ 32 ] recently found, by HPLC-UV analysis, that a 70% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of OB contained gallic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin and rosmarinic acid. Wang et al [ 33 ] isolated the ethyl acetate fraction from a 50% methanol extract of OB seed and identified gallic acid, procyanidin B3, catechin, and methyl gallate, along with aldose reductase inhibitory activity, using HPLC fingerprinting and proton NMR microscopy.…”

Antioxidant Activity of Sprouts Extracts Is Correlated with Their Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

“…Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine extract of OB sprouts can scavenge DPPH radicals and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) treated macrophages [29,30]. Methanol extract of aerial parts of OB can inhibit ROS production in neutrophils and demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity via the suppression of hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase [31]. e representative compounds in the extract of OB aerial parts were reported to be a part of flavonoid glycosides, such as kampherol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetine-3-Orhamnoside and myricetin-3-O-glucoside, phenolic acids, and tannins [32].…”