Phytochemical characterisation of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal and screening for anticholinesterase, antiamylase, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties

Abstract

In the present work, essential oil and fatty acids and extracts obtained from aerial parts of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. were investigated for chemical composition and biological activities. The phytochemical analyses were conducted with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID) and liquid chromatography-mass spectromtetry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. The extracts and essential oil were studied for α -amylase and acetylcholinesterase activities with two different spectrophotometric methods. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were investigated by microdilution. The extracts were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxic effects against cancer and normal cell lines by MTT assay. The essential oil (EO) contained α -pinene (12.5%) and β -caryophyllene (10.7%) as main compounds. Palmitic (26.5%) and nonadecanoic acids (26.6%) were determined as fatty acids. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts found phenolic acids, phlinosides, verbascoside, and flavonoids. The extracts and essential oil demonstrated poor α -amylase inhibitory activity. The best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was obtained for diethly ether extract of P. linearis (67.2 ± 3.4%) at 10 mg /mL concentration. Ethyl acetate extract found to be effective against Staphlococcus aureus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 156.26 µg/mL. Diethyl ether extract of P. linearis was active on A549 cell lines with an IC 50 = 316 ± 4.16 µg/mL when compared with cisplatin IC 50 = 24.43 ± 0.14 µg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first comprehensive report on anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-α-amylase, and antimicrobial activities, as well as cytotoxic effects of P. linearis .

Anti-Diabetic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Phlomis stewartii Plant Phytochemicals on Cigarette Smoke Inhalation and Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats

“…Plant extract showed effective anti-diabetic potential which might be attributed to the presence of sinapinic acid. In similar lines, our results are in agreement with previous reports that MPs of Phlomis species have a wide range of bioactive constituent which are responsible for antioxidants, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial effects [40]. Liver, which is a vital metabolic organ, is involved in various biochemical processes of the body in maintaining homeostasis.…”

Biological activities and DNA interactions of aqueous extract of Phlomis linearis (Boiss. & Bal.)

“…The results of the antimicrobial screening revealed that the MIC value of P. linearis was >500 mg/ml against all bacteria and yeast strains while the MIC value of antibiotics was 3.91 ->125 mg/ml (Table 1). Unlike our high MIC value results, Göger et al (2021) showed that the MIC value of P. linearis EtOAc extracts against S. aureus strain was 156.25 µg/ml, E. coli and C. albicans were 625 μg/ml indicating that the plant was resistant to the EtOAc extract but susceptible to the water extract of P. linearis. The different MIC values were attributed to the polarity of the solvent, different stages of growth, and the environment of the plant, which can significantly affect their chemical composition (Koutsoukis et al, 2019).…”