Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Three Essential Oils Collected from Eastern Morocco (Origanum compactum, Salvia officinalis, and Syzygium aromaticum): A Comparative Study

Abstract

Throughout history, essential oils have been employed for their pleasing scents and potential therapeutic benefits. These oils have shown promise in various areas, including aromatherapy, personal care products, natural remedies, and even as alternatives to traditional cleaning agents or pest control solutions. The study aimed to explore the chemical makeup, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of Origanum compactum Benth., Salvia officinalis L., and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry. Initially, the composition of the three essential oils, O. compactum (HO), S. officinalis (HS), and S. aromaticum (HC) was analyzed using GC-MS technology, revealing significant differences in the identified compounds. α-thujone emerged as the predominant volatile component in the oils, making up 78.04% of the composition, followed by eugenol, which constituted 72.66% and 11.22% of the HC and HO oils, respectively. To gauge antioxidant capabilities, tests involving DPPH scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity were conducted. Antioxidant activity was determined through the phosphomolybdate test and the DPPH• radical scavenging activity, with the HO essential oil displaying significant scavenging capacity (IC50 of 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/mL), similar to ascorbic acid (IC50 of 0.26 ± 0.24 mg/mL). Similarly, the TAC assay for HO oil revealed an IC50 of 1086.81 ± 0.32 µM AAE/mg. Additionally, the oils’ effectiveness against four bacterial strains, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, and five fungi, Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, was tested in vitro. The examined essential oils generally exhibited limited antimicrobial effects, with the exception of HC oil, which demonstrated an exceptionally impressive level of antifungal activity. In order to clarify the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal effects of the identified plant compounds, we employed computational methods, specifically molecular docking. This technique involved studying the interactions between these compounds and established protein targets associated with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles From Clove and Their Toxicity Effect and Anti-angiogenic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential

“…The recent focus on nanoparticles for disease control is due to their remarkable antibacterial properties, with SeNPs standing out for their potent activity. Essential oils from S. aromaticum are effective against pathogens like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, challenging antibiotics such as gentamicin [26]. However, SeNPs have demonstrated superior antibacterial activity across a wider range of bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, outperforming SAAE.…”

Analyzing the Bioactive Properties and Volatile Profiles Characteristics of Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw: Exploring its Potential for Pharmacological Applications

“…The sample components were ionized in the Electron Ionization (EI) mode at 70 eV and a scanned mass range of 40 to 300 m/z. The NIST mass spectral library of the CG‐MS data system was used to compare the results [34–36] . The peak area was used to compute the percentage composition.…”

Phytochemical characterization and multifaceted bioactivity assessment of essential oil from Ptychotis verticillata Duby: Anti-diabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory activity

“…Following that, 1 μL of each produced oil was injected with a fractionation ratio of 90:1. Each sample underwent three assessments, during which chemical identification was achieved by comparing retention durations to validated standards and mass spectrum fragmentation models derived from databases or NIST compounds [ 38 ]. The method of collecting and processing data was carried out using Laboratory Solutions (v2.5).…”