Phytochemical, Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activities of Five Anti-malaria Plants

Abstract

The study investigated the phytochemical, cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties of Allamanda cathartica (AC), Bixa orellana (BO), Cymbopogon citratus (CC), Ficus exasperata (FE) and Momordica charantia (MC) used traditionally for the anti-malarial preparations "Agbo" in Nigeria. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars. Free radical scavenging activity of the plants with 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) recorded significant IC 50 values for the inhibition of DPPH by ethanolic leaves extracts of AC (0.46), BO (0.45), CC (1.35) and FE (0.86), respectively and Vit. E (control), recorded higher activity at 0.5 mg mLG 1 with an IC 50 of 0.25 μg mLG 1. BO leaf extracts recorded the most potent effect (0.45) at low concentration of 0.5 mg mLG 1. The free radical scavenging activities of these plants doubtlessly contribute to their use in indigenous malaria therapy and may qualify them for anti-malarial drug screening.

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Rhizanthes deceptor (Rafflesiaceae) and its Host Tetrastigma papillosum

“…Phenolics and flavonoids known as, source of natural antioxidant and also are related with antioxidant activity of some plants (Demiray et al, 2009;Hossain et al, 2011;Patel et al, 2012). Although, in some cases the relation is low (Omonhinmin et al, 2015). The high values of total phenolic content from R. deceptor and its host indicated the probability of high antioxidant ability ( Table 2).…”

Oxidative Stress in Malaria: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Therapy

“…Some promising plants tested displayed high antimalarial and/or antioxidant activity, such as the stem bark of Terminalia albida [ 154 ], which increased the survival rate of mice with cerebral malaria by reducing ROS/RNS; Terminalia avicennioides , rich in gallic acid [ 155 ]; extracts of leaves, fruits and peels of Acacia nilotica , which displayed in vitro schizonticidal activity against P. falciparum [ 156 ]; flavonoids of Artemisia annua L combined with artemisinin [ 157 , 158 ]; flavonoids of Dacryodes edulis and Ficus exasperata [ 159 ]; phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in Momordica charantia , Bixa orellana, Allamanda cathartica, Ficus exasperata; Cymbopogon citratus [ 160 ], Dissotis rotundifolia [ 161 ], Trichilia heudelotii, Polyalthia longifolia, and Markhamia tomentosa [ 162 ]. It has also been suggested that essential oils from plants present parasiticidal and/or antioxidant activity [ 163 , 164 ].…”

Lipid Peroxidation Research

“…However, the limited agents are tested in the management of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Hence, the more extensive studies are required for the treatment of PD with direct and specific anti-lipid peroxidative drugs or combination with subsequent cell signal arresting molecules [70,71].…”

“…Irradiation-induced oxidative chemical changes are dose dependent, and the presence of oxygen has a significant effect on the rate of oxidation of lipids and myoglobin in the muscle system [69]. Kim et al [70] reported that no significant changes in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values (TBARS) of dry fermented sausages irradiated at 2 and 4 kGy during refrigerated storage. However, Kang et al [71] showed that the levels of TBARS in irradiated half-dried seafood products increased as the dose was increased (from 3 to 10 kGy).…”