Phytochemical Study of Essential Oil from Turkish Oregano (Origanum Onites L.) By Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The chemical composition of essential oil from Turkish oregano growing in southeastern Turkey was studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. More than 70 constituents, of which 57 were identified, were detected. Oregano essential oil from this Turkish region was characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds including thymol and carvacrol (75.72% total) belonging to the menthane biosynthetic type. In addition, essential oil contained linalool (4.42%), p-cymene (3.36%), borneol (2.35%), 4-terpineol (1.74%), a-bisabolene (1.24%), anethole (1.12%), caryophyllene oxide (1.10%), b-caryophyllene (0.68%), b-terpineol (0.55%), spathulenol (0.55%), carvone (0.51%), t-terpinene (0.44%), o-acetylthymol (0.43%), etc. Taking into account the high contents of these compounds in essential oil, Turkish oregano could be recommended for further study as a promising aromatic plant for non-black-earth zones of the RF.Essential oils (EOs) that are used as antifungal, antibacterial, and immunostimulating drugs are currently of great interest in Russia. The uncontrolled use of antibacterial chemotherapeutics led to the spread of resistant microorganism strains. It was also noted in clinical practice that such drugs are often the cause of allergic and immunological diseases. Biologically active compounds (BACs) of plant origin, in particular EOs, lack such drawbacks. This fact was explained by the variable chemical compositions of EOs. The fraction of each constituent changes over rather broad limits even for plants belonging to the same species and depends on the habitat, vegetation stage, collection time, raw-material storage times and conditions, and processing technology. The risk of developing resistant pathogenic microorganisms decreases significantly owing to the broad variability of the EO composition. This allows several basic problems related to the selection of effective therapeutic agents to be resolved [1]. However, the variable EO constituent composition is a serious hindrance to standardization, for which only physicochemical parameters become insufficient. Therefore, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommends that modern methodical methods for recording the chromatographic profile be used for quality control [2]. This method of fingerprints allows the studied sample to be clearly characterized and the product quality to be subsequently evaluated [3]. Specifications for EOs are contained in the European Pharmacopoeia (7 th Ed.), the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), and the USA pharmacopeia (USP) [4 -6]. EOs corresponding to pharmacopoeial standards should contain a constant amount of principal BAC to ensure stable therapeutic activity.Chromatographic analysis is the most promising and informative method for studying EOs. Gas chromatography (GC), being an effective separation method, makes it possible to study terpenoids of EOs in the minimum amount of time, with highly accurate identification of compounds in multicomponent mixtures, and with an insignificant analyzed sample volume [7]. The...

The Use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (Pgpr)’s Effect on Essential Oil Rate, Essential Oil Content, Some Morphological Parameters and Nutrient Uptake of Turkish Oregano

“…In our study, major components of oregano oil have been carvacrol, thymol and borneol. Turkish oregano' essential oil was described as high content of phenolic compounds enclosed thymol and carvacrol (Bokov et al, 2015) and they have various biologic and pharmacological role (Dundar et al, 2008), antioxidant activity and they are important effect for component of oregano aroma (Bansleben et al, 2009). In addition, essential oil content and its composition are the most significant of quality criterion for oregano in all purposes (Baydar et al, 2004;Yaldiz et al, 2005;Baser, 2008;Bansleben et al, 2009;Ekren et al, 2013).…”

“…As food preservation, natural antimicrobial and antioxidant, O. onites becoming increasingly popular (Stefanakis et al, 2013). Carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, borneol, linalool, and alpha-terpinene is main component of essential oil of O. onites (Bokov et al, 2015). Carvacrol is main component of essential oils of this species (Avcı and Bayram, 2013), which is an oxygenated monoterpene with multiple pharmacological actions (Baser, 2008), and an important impact compound of oregano aroma (Bansleben et al, 2009).…”

Modern Approaches to the Analysis of Kelp (Laminaria sp.) as Pharmacopoeial Herbal Drugs and Food Products

“…21,22 L. japonica contains essential oil (EO), characterized by the GC-MS method, usually applied for EO analysis. 23 EO main components are tetradeconoic, hexadecanoic, (9Z,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic, and (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acids; EO has antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 24 Traces of fatty oil is found in L. japonica; polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, glycolipids are characterized.…”

Quantitative content of flavonoids in plant samples from the Crimean population of oregano (Origanum vulgare)

“…Its area in Europe spreads from south to north from the Mediterranean to Norway, and in West Asia it reaches the Himalayas. In the Russian Federation, oregano grows throughout the European part, in Siberia, in the Far East, except for the Arctic regions [3]. The raw material is used in food, canning industry or liqueur production.…”